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CHINOVINE.  143 
•which  is  neutral,  and  volatilises  entirely,  leaving  no  residue  ; 
the  other  oxygenated  or  valerol  (C^H^OA  also  neutral,  becoming 
resinified  in  the  air  and  by  the  action  of  nitric  acid,  and  decom- 
posing into  several  bodies  ;  5.  That  the  valerol  is  composed  of 
the  steareoptene  of  valerian,  resin,  and  water;  6,  That  valerol 
cannot  be  changed  into  an  acid  by  any  (known)  process. — An- 
nates de  Chimie  et  de  Physique,  from  Ohem.  News,  Dec.  24, 1859. 
CHINOVINE. 
The  matter  extracted  from  the  cinchona  barks,  and  known 
variously  as  chinovic  acid,  red  cinchonic,  cinchonic  bitter,  has 
been  made  the  subject  of  a  long  investigation  by  H.  Hlasiwetz 
and  Dr.  von  Gilm.  They  have  decided  that  it  is  a  glucoside 
having  the  composition  C60H48Oi6.  In  an  alcoholic  solution, 
under  the  influence  of  chlorine,  this  breaks  up  into  a  sugar 
which  the  authors  consider  identical  with  the  mannitane  of  Ber- 
thelot,  and  an  acid  which  they  call  chinovic  acid,  a  change  ex- 
plained thus  : — 
C60  H48  016  +2  HC)  =C*8  A38  ^8+C12  H12  ^10 
Chinovine.  Chinovic  acid.  Mannitane. 
The  acid  falls  as  a  crystalline  powder.  Those  crystals  are 
washed  with  weak  alcohol,  and  then  dissolved  in  strong  boiling 
alcohol,  from  which  they  crystallise.  The  crystals  appear  to 
be  regular  six-sided  prisms.  They  are  insoluble  ih  water,  only 
slightly  so  in  ether,  but  more  soluble  in  boiling  alcohol.  They 
dissolve  freely  in  ammonia  and  the  fixed  alkalis.  All  the  solu- 
tions are  bitter.  The  mineral  acids  displace  the  chinovic  acid 
from  its  combinations,  the  acid  separating  as  a  gelatinous  mass. 
It  is  feebly  monobasic,  and  decomposes  the  alkaline  carbo- 
nates. The  salts  of  potash  and  soda  are  uncrystallisable. 
Those  of  baryta,  strontia,  and  lime,  prepared  by  double  decom- 
position, fall  as  gelatinous  precipitates  soluble  in  an  excess  of 
water.  The  chinovate  of  silver  falls  as  a  voluminous  precipitate 
which  is  very  sensible  to  light.  Nitric  and  sulphuric  acids  have 
no  action  on  chinovic  acid. — Chem.  Central  Blatt,  No.  52. — 
Ohem.  News,  Dec.  17,  1859. 
