444 
GLEANINGS  FROM  THE  GERMAN  JOURNALS. 
from  the  leaves  of  the  horse  chestnut,  C82H46O50,  that  is  quer- 
cetin-j_l,  2  and  3  equivalents  of  sugar. 
Quercitrin  has  been  discovered  in  Quercus  tinctoria  (Chevreul,) 
Euta  graveolens  (Weiss  &  Kiimmel,)  Saphora  japonica,  (Stein,) 
Capparis  spinosa,  (Rochleder  &  Illasiwetz,)  Aesculus  hippoc. 
(Rochleder,)  and  the  author  thinks  it  likely  to  exist  in  Rhamnus 
tinct.  Reseda  luteola  and  Thuja  occid.  Phloroglucin  is  interesting 
from  being  a  constituent  also  of  phloricin.  The  author  mentions 
the  following  colors  as  capable  of  being  produced  from  querci- 
trin and  its  compounds  :  yellow,  by  quercitrin  and  quercetin  ; 
brown,  by  quercitrin,  alkalies  and  oxygen  ;  green,  by  quercitrin 
and  Fe203;  blue  by  quercetic  acid  and  Fe203 ;  red,  by  quercetic 
acid,  alkalies  and  oxygen  ;  violet,  by  a  combination  of  the  last 
two,  and  by  phloroglucin  and  Fe203. 
On  Kinovin. — Prof.  H.  Hlasiwetz  found  that  kinovin  yields 
sugar,  when  treated  in  alcoholic  solution  with  muriatic  acid  gas. 
Dr.  Gilm  has  farther  investigated  the  subject,  (Annal.  cxi.  182 
— 191.)  The  sugar  is  C12H12O10  and  resembles  Berthelot's 
mannitan  ;  the  other  product  is  of  an  acid  nature,  and  to  it 
properly  belongs  the  name  of  kinovic  acid,  hitherto  usually 
applied  to  kinovin.  It  consists  of  2HO,C48H3606,  is  tasteless, 
insoluble  in  water,  soluble  in  much  boiling  alcohol,  readily 
soluble  in  alkalies  and  their  carbonates,  yielding  intensely  bitter 
solutions,  which  are  precipitated  by  the  salts  of  the  heavy 
metals.    The  composition  of  kinovin  is  C60H48O16. 
Determination  of  Albumen  and  Syntonin. — C.  Boedeker  at- 
tempted to  estimate  these  two  bodies  by  precipitating  their 
solution  in  acetic  acid,  by  ferrocyanide  of  potassium.  If  Lieber- 
kuhn's  formula  for  albumen  is  doubled,  viz.  C144H112N18044S2, 
it  requires  one  equivalent  KCfo  for  complete  precipitation ; 
1612  albumen  yield  with  211  KCfo+3HO,  1720  hydro-ferro- 
cyanate  of  albumen.  The  formula  for  syntonin  cannot  vary 
much  from  C144H112N18042S ;  these  1580  parts  likewise  require 
211  KCfo-{-3HO  and  form  1688  hydro-ferrocyanate  of  syntonin. 
If  1.309  grm.  crystallized  KCfo+3HO  is  dissolved  in  1000 
cub.  centimetres  water,  each  c.cm.  is  completely  precipitated 
by  .01  grm.  albumen.    The  solution  of  albumen  is  diluted  with 
