544 
COMPOSITION  OF  CACAO. 
The  odor  of  the  rind  differs  too  from  that  of  the  common  lemon, 
and  also  from  the  orange ;  it  resembles  bergamotte,  but  is  not 
so  powerful.  The  oil  is  prepared  at  Squillace,  in  Calabria,  by 
pressing  the  rind  of  the  fruit.  It  has  a  very  deep  yellow  color, 
but,  when  distilled,  the  coloring  matter  remains  in  the  retort. 
The  first  portions  distil  between  130°  and  180°,  and  they  con- 
tain water  ;  the  greater  part  passes  between  180Q  and  190  ;  at 
a  higher  temperature  vapors  with  an  empyreumatic  smell  come 
over.  The  residue,  and  the  first  portion  which  passes,  contain 
oxygenated  compounds.  M.  de  Luca,  from  whose  paper  we 
quote,  has  made  the  following  experiments  with  the  portion 
which,  on  rectifying  the  oil,  passed  exactly  at  180°.  It  is 
lighter  than  water,  and  insoluble  in  it,  but  on  agitating  imparts 
its  smell.  It  is  slightly  soluble  in  alcohol,  and  freely  so  in  sul- 
phide of  carbon  and  ether.  It  turns  the  plane  of  polarisation 
to  the  right.  Its  sp.  gr.  at  18°  C.=  0-853.  The  composition 
is  represented  by  the  formula  C20  H16.  Mixed  with  alcohol  and 
nitric  acid  it  becomes  hydrated,  and  in  time  furnishes  a  crystal- 
line matter.  Heated  with  nitric  acid,  nitrous  vapors  are 
given  off  and  yellowish  resinous  matters  are  produced.  Dry 
hydrochloric  acid  gas,  as  well  as  a  concentrated  solution  of  the 
same  acid,  act  on  it  at  the  ordinary  temperature,  and  furnish 
liquid  and  crystallised  compounds,  the  crystallised  compound 
being  a  bihydrochlorate,  C20H162HC1,  for  it  contains  about  34 
per  cent,  of  chlorine.—  Ohem.  News,  London,  Sept.  1,  1860. 
COMPOSITION  OF  CACAO. 
Tuchen  has  analysed  various  specimens  of  cacao  to  determine 
the  amount  of  theobromine  they  contained.    His  results  are  as 
under5 : — 
Fatty  matter. 
Theobromine. 
Ash. 
Guayaquil 
.  36.38 
0.63 
3.03 
Surinam  . 
.  36.97 
0.56 
3.00 
Caraccas  . 
.  35.08 
0.55 
2.92 
Para 
.  34.48 
0.67 
3.00 
Maragnow 
.  38.25 
0.38 
2.92 
Trinidad  . 
.  36.42 
0.48  . 
2.98 
Ohem.  News,  London,  Aug.  11,  1860,  from  Chim.  Teehnol 
