Lime. 
Pumice. 
Alkaloid. 
2.5  gm. 
10  gm. 
.665  per  cent. 
5  " 
10  " 
.838 
5  " 
10  " 
.925 
5  " 
5  " 
.982 
5  " 
5  " 
1-040 
5  " 
10  " 
1-040 
10  " 
5  « 
1-128 
10  " 
1-069 
10  " 
1-180 
182  Estimation  of  Alkaloids  in  Extracts.     {  AmAJP^i8OT?rm" 
purpose  remained  to  be  ascertained.  The  extract  was  dissolved  in 
water  and  mixed  with  lime  and  pumice  stone  and  exhausted  by  con- 
tinuous displacement  (the  apparatus  used  is  described  in  Phar.  Cen~ 
tralhalle,  1886,  p.  273)  with  ether,  a  water-bath  supplying  the  requi- 
site warmth.  The  ethereal  solution  was  evaporated  to  about  1  cc, 
several  drops  of  alcohol  and  10  cc.  of  water  were  added,  and  the  so- 
lution was  titrated  with  100th  normal  acid,  using  rosolic  acid  as  an 
indicator.    The  results  were  as  follows  : 
Extr.  Bellad.  Water. 
9.  1  gm,  1  gm. 
10.  2  .  "  2  " 
11.  2    "  1    "  _ 
12.  1    "  2  " 
13.  2    "  2  " 
14.  2    "  2  11 
15.  2   "  3  " 
16.  2  "       2.  y 
17.  2   "  3  " 
The  largest  yield  was  obtained  with  a  large  excess  of  lime  (No.  17). 
Less  favorable  were  the  following  experiments  : 
18.  )    2  Ext.  Bellad.,  2  Ammonia,  15  Pumice;  1*156  per  cent,  alkaloid 
19.  )    2  Ext.  Bellad.,  2  Water,  1  Baryta,  15  Pumice;  1-127  per  cent,  alkaloid. 
Ammonia  takes  up  a  great  deal  of  coloring  matter  and  renders  ti- 
tration difficult,  and  the  same,  but  in  a  less  degree,  is  the  case  with 
baryta.  Before  giving  a  definite  method,  experiments  were  made  to 
determine  whether  there  is  any  decomposition  of  the  alkaloid,  and  sec- 
ondly whether  the  alkaloid  may  be  completely  removed  from  the  ex- 
tract treated  with  lime.  Accordingly  10*0  grams  of  extract  of  bella- 
donna were  dissolved  in  15*0  grams  of  water,  50*0  lime  added  and 
treated  for  half  an  hour  with  ether.  The  100  cc.  of  alkaloid  solution 
thus  obtained  was  divided  into  five  portions  of  20  cc.  each,  and  a  few 
drops  of  alcohol  and  water  were  added  in  exper.  21,  when  reduced 
to  about  1  cc. 
Percentage  of  Alkaloid. 
20  cc.  evaporated     Dried  at  Weight.  Titration. 
20.  Spontaneously,       40°  C.  1*322  1-165 
21.  Water-bath,  —  1-315  1*159 
22.  "  60°  C.  for  15  minutes,      1-222  1-045 
23.  "  100°  C.  for  10      "  T117  0*627 
24.  "  100°  C.  for  15      "  l'HO  0*569 
Experiments  No.  20  and  No.  21  can  be  taken  as  normal,  whilst  from 
No.  22  to  No.  24  according  to  temperature  and  time  used  in  drying  a 
