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i 
MISCELLANY. 
On the west coast of Ireland they consider the beginning of the year 
the best season, and on the east the month of November for the cod-livers. 
Thus, concludes Mr. Donovan, in preparing cod-oil fit for medical pur- 
poses, three chief things are to be attended to : the livers must be per- 
fectly healthy ; they must be as fresh as possible, the least putrescency 
being injurious; and the heat at which the extrusion of the oil is effected 
must not exceed 192°. Med. Examiner. 
On Artificial Nipples of Ivory. — The following remarks are from a report 
of Messrs. Dubois, Capuron, and Villeneuve — three of the most distin- 
guished accoucheurs of Paris — on the artificial nipples recently invented 
by M. Charriere, an ingenious cutler of the metropolis. 
" In the construction of these nipples he uses ivory, which has already 
been made soft and flexible by a process that has been long known : they 
are more solid and more durable than those hitherto employed. They are 
sufficiently resisting not to be flattened by the lips of the infant, and yet 
not too hard to fret and inconvenience them. They are easily kept clean 
by merely shaking them about in water, and with this simple precaution 
it will be found that they are not apt to communicate any unpleasant smell 
or taste to the milk. Besides, they can be readily attached to any sort of 
sucking dish or bottle, if the child is brought up by the hand and not 
suckled by the mother. 
To preserve the flexibility of the prepared ivory, all that is necessary is 
to keep it from the contact of the air by placing the nipple under a glass, 
or by wrapping it round with a damp cloth. In fact we (the reporters) 
think highly of these new contrivances, and already, we are told, they are 
extensively used both in public establishments and in private practice." 
(We have observed in some of the recent French journals, that the pre- 
pared flexible-made ivory has been manufactured into bougies for the male 
urethra; but whether they possess any peculiar advantages we do not 
know. 
Excellent artificial nipples are now made with prepared caoutchouc : 
they are entirely destitute of any unpleasant smell or taste, and have quite 
a fleshy feel to the lips when sucked with.) 
Mid. Examiner, from Med. Chirurg. Review. 
