136 
CULTURE OF PEPPER IN THE CIRCARS. 
vation. This was in consequence of the male and female 
flowers being on different vines, and there being a third kind, 
with hermaphrodite flowers, or hermaphrodite and female 
flowers mixed, on the same catkins. Hence Dr. R. has called 
this species Piper trioicum, which he had taken for the true 
Pepper-plant before he had an opportunity of seeing that fa- 
mous plant. The natives had increased the difficulty by sup- 
plying him in the first instance only with the barren plants. 
The pepper of the second kind had less pungency than com- 
mon pepper, but the third sort ripened perfectly, and when 
dry was exceedingly pungent. Dr. R. was equally unfortu- 
nate with the pepper which he sent to this country by a pri- 
vate hand to have its value ascertained, as it was seized by the 
Custom-house officers. 
Into the Pepper plantations Dr. Roxburgh also introduced 
Coffee, Cinnamon, Nutmeg, Annatto, and Guinea Grass; also 
the Bread-fruit tree, which had been found growing luxuriantly 
in Cochin, called by the Dutch, Maldivy Jack; and also men- 
tions having " thousands of young Sappan-wood trees in the 
Company's Pepper Plantations." He introduced the Teak 
into the low grounds of the Circars, though it was common in 
the hills of the Rajahmundry Circars, recommending its being 
planted in every vacant corner ; and mentions that Lord 
Cornwallis and Col. Kyd had been for some time introducing 
it into Bengal. He also procured the eggs of the Sile-worm, 
and proposed its culture in the Circars, as the Mulberry grew 
there most luxuriantly from cuttings ; and obtained copper 
sugar-boilers from Bengal, in order to try and improve the 
quality of the Sugars. His paper on the culture and manu- 
facture of sugar in India is among the most interesting which 
has been published.* 
* An Account of the Hindoo method of cultivating the Sugar-cane, and 
manufacturing the Sugar and Jagary, in the Rajahmundry Circar, inter- 
spersed with such remarks as tend to point out the great benefit that might 
be expected from increasing this branch of Agriculture, and improving the 
quality of the sugar; also the process observed by the natives of the Gan- 
jam district in making the sugars of Barrampore. By Dr. William Rox" 
burgh, Samulcottah, 20th June, 1792. 
