CHEMICAL MANUFACTURES IN GLASGOW, ETC. 215 
to become solid, and then cut into the usual parallelopipeds, 
or wedges, as they are called. It is customary, during the 
cleansing of the soap, as the pouring it into the frame is call- 
ed, to mix it with a quantity of caustic soda ley. The soap 
made in Glasgow is usually a compound of 
1 atom oily acid, 53 or per cent. 74.6 
2 atoms soda, 8 « 11.2 
9 atoms water, 10.125 " 14.2 
White soap is cleansed at the average temperature of 1S1°. 
Its constitution is precisely the same as that of yellow soap. 
11. Bleaching of cotton cloth is carried on here to a great 
extent. It consists of four processes : — 1st. The goods are 
boiled with lime, at a temperature above the boiling point of 
water. 2d. The cloth is steeped in a solution of bleaching 
powder. 3d. It is boiled with caustic soda or potash. 4th. It 
it is steeped in water acidulated with sulphuric acid. 
12. Turkey-red dying has been practised here for almost 
half a century. 
13. Calico-printing is carried on here to a great extent ; 
glass-making is carried on here, or on the Clyde, in all its 
branches; for starch-making there fs only one manufactory. 
The manufacture of the dye-stuffs called cudbear, employed 
in dying red, has long been carried on here; so has the distil- 
lation of spirits and the manufacture of ether. 
