34        INTRODUCTION  OF  THE  CINCHONA  TREES  INTO  INDIA. 
of  Cinchona  Calisaya  in  a  flourishing  condition.  These  were 
forwarded  from  the  port  of  Islay  to  Java,  where  they  arrived 
safely  in  1853,  and  were  at  once  planted  in  the  mountainous 
districts  near  Bandong  in  that  island.  By  referring  to  a  note 
"Cultivation  of  the  Cinchona  Trees  in  Java"  in  the  present 
number  of  this  Journal,  it  will  be  seen  that  the  plants  have  now 
become  firmly  established  there,  and  already  begin  to  yield  bark 
of  good  quality.  (See  page  47.)  This  expedition  of  Hasskarl's, 
therefore,  must  be  regarded  as  having  been  eminently  successful 
in  every  respect,  and  to  the  Dutch  Government  accordingly 
belongs  the  merit  of  having  been  the  first  to  succeed,  on  a  large 
scale,  in  acclimatizing  the  Cinchonas. 
The  successful  expeditions  of  the  French  and  Dutch  would 
appear  to  have  forced  the  attention  of  the  English  East  India 
Company  to  the  importance  of  obtaining  plants  and  seeds  of  the 
best  species  of  Cinchona  for  transportation  to  India,  where  such 
could,  without  doubt,  be  readily  acclimatized  over  extensive 
areas.  Dr.  Boyle's  death,  and  the  uncertainty  attending  even 
the  existence  of  the  Company,  appear  to  have  been  the  principal 
reasons  why  an  expedition  for  such  a  purpose  was  not  at  once 
despatched  from  this  country.  Ultimately,  however,  in  1859, 
Mr.  Clements  R.  Markham,  one  of  the  clerks  in  the  India  office^ 
was  appointed  to  direct  such  an  expedition,  and  that  gentleman 
also  procured  the  services  of  Mr.  Wier,  a  gardener,  to  assist  him 
in  his  labors. 
In  noticing  Mr.  Markham's  appointment  to  our  readers  in  the 
Pharmaceutical  Journal  last  year,  we  stated  that  he  had  been 
selected  for  that  office  principally  on  account  of  his  knowledge 
of  the  country  to  be  visited,  and  of  his  acquaintance  with  the 
Spanish  and  the  language  of  the  Indians  inhabiting  it.  Mr. 
Markham  was  also  admitted  to  be  a  gentleman  possessing  much 
courage  and  energy  of  character.  With  such  qualifications,  if 
combined,  we  said,  with  a  competent  knowledge  of  botany,  he 
could  scarcely  fail  in  being  successful  in  his  endeavors.  Mr. 
Markham,  however,  made  no  claim  to  be  considered  as  a  botan- 
ist or  scientific  man,  and  considering  the  importance  of  such  a 
knowledge  in  the  expedition  in  which  he  was  about  to  bo  en- 
gaged, it  certainly  did  strike  us  as  somewhat  remarkable  that 
he  should  have  been  selected  by  the  English  Government  as  the 
