CULTIVATION  OF  THE  CINCHONA  TREES  IN  JAVA.  47 
Bechamp  showed  that  the  reduction  could  be  effected  equally 
well  by  means  of  ferrous  acetate  or  acetic  acid  and  iron. 
Ci^HgNO^+GFe+H^Oa+eA  ^CigH^N-l-e  (FeOA.) 
Before  this,  however,  Hoffmann  had  shown  that  nitrobenzole 
might  be  converted  into  aniline  by  the  action  of  zinc  and  hydro- 
chloric acid. 
Lastly,  Wohler  has  discovered  that  nitrobenzole  may  be 
reduced  and  transformed  into  aniline  by  digestion  and  dis- 
tillation with  a  solution  of  arsenious  acid  in  an  excess  of  caustic 
soda. 
Amongst  other  methods  of  producing  aniline  we  quote  the 
following.  Phenol  and  ammonia  placed  in  a  stout  tube 
sealed  and  exposed  for  a  long  time  to  a  high  temperature  form 
aniline. 
Phenol. 
According  to  Hoffmann  and  Muspratt  nitrotoluene  and  sali- 
cyalimide,  two  bodies  isomeric  with  anthranilic  acid,  furnish 
aniline  when  heated  to  redness. 
C,,H,NO,=Ci2H,N-i-2C02. 
NitrotolueQe. 
Of  all  the  methods,  however,  two  only  appear  to  serve  as  in- 
dustrial processes : 
1.  Extraction  from  coal  tar. 
2.  Reduction  of  nitrobenzole. 
Chem.  News,  London  Sept.  1,  1860. 
(To  be  continued.) 
CULTIVATION  OF  THE  CINCHONA  TREES  IN  JAVA, 
At  a  recent  meeting  of  the  Society  of  Pharmacy  of  Paris,  M. 
Schaueffele  communicated  the  following  information  on  this 
important  subject,  derived  from  a  private  letter  of  M.  de  Vry, 
Chemical  inspector  at  Bangdong,  Java: — 
The  cultivation  of  the  Cinchona  tree  in  the  island  of  Java 
is  in  full  prosperity.  The  young  trees  already  exceed  the 
height  of  five  metres  (nearly  sixteen  and  a  half  feet) ;  they  have 
produced  thousands  of  fruit,  the  seeds  of  which  have  for  the 
