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ON  HOPS  AND  LUPULIN.  77 
Oxalate  of  Lithia  2C203,LiO-j-HO,  is  a  neutral  crystalli- 
zable  substance,  soluble  in  water,  unchanged  on  exposure,  but 
decomposed  by  heat.  The  binoxalate  is  also  a  crystalline  body, 
but  less  soluble  than  the  former. 
Nitrate  of  Lithia, — A  powder,  anhydrous,  deliquescent,  fusible, 
and  soluble. 
All  the  salts  of  lithia  impart  a  red  color  to  flame,  and  dis- 
tinguish them  from  the  salts  of  strontia  in  this  respect.  Chapman 
heats  the  suspected  substance  in  a  microcosm  of  chloride  of 
barium,  which  prevents  chloride  of  strontium  from  tinging  the 
flame.  If,  while  at  the  point  of  the  inner  flame,  no  redness  is 
apparent  lithia  is  absent,  and  the  red  first  obtained  from  the 
mineral  per  se  is  due  to  strontia. — London  Pharm.  Journal, 
from  Dublin  Hospital  Grazette. 
ON  HOPS  AND  LUPULIN. 
By  Charles  A.  Tufts,  of  Dovek,  N.  H. 
"  It  has  been  asserted  that  hops  that  have  been  used  in  obtaining  the  lupulin 
of  commerce  are  afterwards  sold  as  hops.  Is  the  assertion  true,  and  if  so,  to 
what  extent  is  it  carried  on,  and  where  ;  and  what  are  the  means  of  detecting 
the  fraud?" 
I  have  not  been  able  to  obtain  such  definite  information  as  I 
could  wish,  in  regard  to  this  subject,  and  I  do  not  think  it  would 
be  easy  to  do  so.  So  far  as  I  can  ascertain,  it  is  not  the  practice 
with  the  hop  growers  and  sellers  in  New  England,  and  I  cannot 
find  with  certainty  that  it  is  practised  elsewhere. 
I  find  there  is  an  impression  that  it  may  be  done,  but  I  cannot 
learn  where  it  is  done,  or  by  whom  the  fraud  is  committed.  I  have 
conversed  with  different  hop-growers  and  dealers,  and  they  have 
disclaimed  all  knowledge  personally  of  such  practice. 
Hops,  after  being  picked,  are  kiln-dried  on  frames,  generally 
now  by  steam  heat.  The  green  hops  are  placed  about  a  foot  in 
thickness  on  the  frames,  and  are  often  stirred  to  make  them 
dry  evenly.  The  lupulin  was  formerly  wasted,  but  now  most 
curers  of  hops  suspend  cloth  under  the  frames,  and  save  the  lu- 
pulin which  falls  through. 
In  drying  a  bale  of  two  hundred  pounds  weight,  from  one  to 
two  pounds  of  lupulin  can  be  collected ;  to  obtain  more  than 
