GLEANINGS  FROM  GERMAN  JOURNALS. 
113 
it  had  been  peroxidized.  (Ann.  d.  Chem.  und  Pharm.  xxx. 
217—219.) 
The  Cinchona  barks  of  Neiv  Granada,  the  yellow  bark  of 
Cinchona  lancifolia,  Mut.,  and  a  green  Loxa  bark  of  C.  corym- 
bosa,  Karst.,  have  been  studied  by  Dr.  Karsten  during  his  resi- 
dence there.  The  amount  of  alkalies  varies  much,  and  appears 
to  be  dependant  on  the  climate  rather  than  on  the  soil.  The 
average  yield  of  the  bark  of  C.  lancifolia  is  2i  per  cent,  sul- 
phate of  quinia  and  1  to  IJ  sulphate  of  cinchonia  ;  it  frequent- 
ly contains  no  organic  base,  or  only  cinchonia,  or  quinia  in 
small  proportion,  or  it  yields  occasionally  4J  per  cent,  of  sul- 
phate of  quinia.  The  bark  of  the  young  branches  of  a  tree  of 
this  species  contained  not  a  trace  of  organic  alkaloids,  while  the 
bark  of  its  stem  yielded  IJ  per  cent,  sulphate  of  quinia  and  i 
sulphate  of  cinchonia.  Quinia  appears  to  be  a  product  of  secre- 
tion, and  to  be  resorbed  again  by  the  process  of  vegetation  ;  a 
bark  after  the  felling  of  a  tree,  yielded  3i  per  cent,  sulphate  of 
quinia,  after  6  months  only  3  per  cent.,  and  during  this  time 
the  bark  had  retained  its  freshness  on  the  tree.  A  continued 
uniform  climate,  changing  with  fogs,  sunshine  and  rain,  is  the 
condition  for  a  larger  proportion  of  alkaloids,  while  a  changea- 
ble climate  with  intermitting  vegetation  produces  a  poorer  bark. 
(Ber.  d.  Berl.  Akad.— Arch.  d.  Ph.  cli.  52.) 
Organic  hyperoxides  have  been  prepared  by  C.  Brodie.  Per- 
oxide of  benzoyle==:  Cj^  H^O^  is  the  result  of  the  reaction  be- 
tween chloride  of  benzoyle  and  peroxide  of  barium,  crystallizes 
from  ether,  and  is  decomposed  above  the  boiling  point  of  water 
with  detonation,  and  by  potassa  into  oxygen  and  benzoic  acid. 
Peroxide  of  acetyle  =  H3  0^  is  yielded  by  anhydrous  ace- 
tic acid  and  peroxide  of  barium  in  absolute  ether  ;  it  is  a  tough 
liquid  of  pungent  taste,  decolorizes  solution  of  indigo,  oxidizes 
instantly  protoxide  of  manganium,  yields  with  baryta  water 
peroxide  of  barium  and  acetate  of  baryta,  and  detonates  violent- 
ly when  a  drop  is  heated  upon  a  watch  crystal,  shattering  the 
glass  to  atoms.  (Ann.  d.  Ch.  und  Ph.  xxxii.  79 — 83.) 
Acetic  acid  hy  dry  distillation  of  American  turpentine  was 
obtained  by  C.  Grimm.    During  the  first  period  a  distillate  is 
8 
