378 
VARIETIES. 
Paper. 
Amount  of  Clay 
Cream-laid, 
12  lb. 
per  ream    .    .  . 
.    29  per  cent. 
do. 
14  lb. 
(( 
.  311 
do. 
16  lb. 
a 
.  331 
(( 
do. 
18  lb. 
i( 
.  31 
a 
Demy  printin 
16  lb. 
.  26 
(I 
do. 
18  lb. 
i( 
.  30| 
a 
do. 
20  lb. 
a 
.  29 
(( 
Double-crown 
printing 
,  14  lb.  per  ream 
.  14 
(( 
do. 
18  lb. 
.  18 
(( 
London  Pharm.  Journ.  June,  1861. 
On  the  Acids  of  Benzoin. — It  is  a  well  known  fact  that  the  inferior  kinds 
of  l)enzoin — in  brown  or  blackish  masses — yield  much  more  benzoic  acid 
than  the  more  valuable  kind  consisting  chiefly  of  whitish  tears.  The 
cause  of  this  seems  to  have  been  discovered  by  Kolbe  and  Lautemann,  who 
announce  (^Annal.  der  Chem.  u.  Pharm.,  cxv.,  113,)  that  benzoin  in  tears 
contains  little  if  any  benzoic  acid,  but  yields  another  acid,  crystallizing 
entirely  different  from  benzoic  acid,  melting  easily  on  heating  under  water, 
and  yielding  oil  of  bitter  almonds  when  treated  with  oxydizing  agents,  parti- 
cularly permanganate  of  potassa.  This  acid  appears  to  be  identical  with 
alphatoluylic  acid  C^gH-Og-j-IIO  obtained  by  Moeller  and  Strecker  by  act- 
ing on  Tulpinic  acid  (^the  peculiar  yellow  crystallizable  acid  of  Cetraria 
y?<Z/)?7ia)  with  baryta. — Journ.  and  Trans.  Md.  Coll.  Pharm.  from  Wiltst. 
Vierteljahrsschr. 
Pock  Oil  as  Fuel  for  Steam  Engines. — An  application  of  the  Rock-oil  of 
Pennsylvania  for  generating  steam  for  motive  power  under  steam  engine 
boilers  is  exciting  attention  in  the  oil  region.  The  following  is  a  descrip- 
tion of  the  apparatus  used  : — A  series  of  iron  pipes  are  laid  in  the  fire  arch 
of  the  boiler,  which  pipes  are  perforated  in  their  upper  surface  with 
minute  holes  ;  the  oil  is  supplied  to  those  pipes  by  means  of  a  force  pump, 
aided  by  an  air  receiver,  to  preserve  a  constant  pressure.  A  spray,  so  to 
speak,  of  oil  is  thus  made  to  fill  the  space  usually  filled  by  the  flame  of 
wood  or  coal  used  to  raise  steam  ;  this,  once  ignited,  fills  the  fire  arch  and 
flues  of  the  boiler,  and  maintains  the  desirable  amount  of  heat  in  the  boiler. 
If  this  fuel  is  not  found  to  be  too  expensive,  it  will  prove  a  good  thing  for 
the  use  of  steamers  on  sea  voyages.  Its  practical  use  has  been  proved,  and 
it  remains  for  chemists  and  others  to  test  it  on  ships,  &c.,  in  a  large  way. 
There  can  be  but  little  doubt  that  this  oil  will  be  found  cheaper  than  coal 
for  gas-making  for  lighting  dwellings,  streets,  &c.  ;  its  price,  under  the  in- 
fluence of  the  vast  supply  raised,  will  soon  come  down  to  a  matter  of  15  or 
20  cents  per  gallon. —  Chem.  News,  London,  May,  1861. 
Green  Dye  from  the  Rhamnus  Catharticus. — M.  Charvin  has  discovered 
in  the  Rhamnus  Catharticus  a  green  dye  which  seems  to  bear  a  great  re- 
