424  ON  THE  PREPARATION  OP  CHLOROFORM. 
added.  Distillation  commenced  in  14  minutes,  and  was  ended 
in  75.  The  chloroform  contained  little  chlorine,  and  decolor- 
ized in  the  sunlight,  the  temperature  rising  slightly.  Yield,  40 
oz.  =  6.7  per  ct. 
Exp,  6  Temperature  of  the  mixture  153.^5 ;  commence- 
ment of  distillation  in  20,  end  in  110  minutes ;  the  chloroform 
contained  very  little  chlorine,  and  became  colorless  without 
generating  heat.     Yield,  42  oz.  =  7  per.  ct. 
Group  III. — Operation  as  in  II.  The  temperature  of  the 
mixture  of  chlorinated  lime  and  water  was  between  167  and 
180.^5  F. 
Exp.  7. — Temperature  180.^^5;  distillation  commenced  in  7 
minutes ;  the  chloroform  contained  chlorine,  and  became  color- 
less, evolving  heat.    Yield,  32  oz.  —  5.3  per  ct. 
Exp.  8. — Temperature  171. "^5;  distillation  began  in  15 
minutes;  the  chloroform  contained  chlorine,  and  decolorized  in 
the  sunlight,  with  evolution  of  heat.  Yield,  34  oz.  =  5.7  per 
cent. 
Exp.  9. — ^Temperature  167^;  distillation  began  in  22  minutes  ; 
the  chloroform  contained  little  chlorine,  and  lost  its  color  in  the 
sunlight,  with  little  rise  of  temperature.  Yield,  35i  oz.  —  5.9 
per  ct. 
Group  IV. — Operation  as  before  ;  temperature  of  the  mixture 
between  135.5  and  117.^5  F. 
Exp.  10  Temperature  135.^^5;  commencement  of  distil- 
lation in  40  minutes ;  the  chloroform  was  colorless  and  evolved 
no  heat.    Y^ield,  37  oz.  =  6.2  per  ct. 
Exp.  11. — Temperature  122*^ ;  distillation  commenced  in  3 
hours,  and  continued  in  drops  for  2  hours,  when  a  moderate 
fire  was  applied.    Yield,  30^  oz.  =  5.1  per  ct. 
Exp.  12. — Temperature  117. '^5.  A  few  drops  commenced 
to  come  over  after  3  J  hours  ;  within  an  hour  a  small  quantity  of 
colorless  chloroform  came  over  in  drops;  the  distillation  ceasing, 
heat  had  to  be  applied.    Yield,  28  J  oz.  =  4.7  per  ct. 
These  experiments  show  conclusively  that  with  the  materials 
of  the  same  quality  and  quantity  the  temperature  exerts  an  im- 
portant influence  upon  the  formation  of  chloroform.  Between 
135  and  167*^  F.  the  yield  sinks  scarcely  below  6  per  ct. ;  the 
largest  amount  was  obtained  by  experiments  5  and  6,  at  156 
