538 
CHEMICAL  STONE-WARE  MANUFACTURE. 
nected  with  a  hollow  bottom  communicating  with  the  furnace,  and 
support  the  shelving  in  the  interior  ;  thus  the  articles  are  raised 
to  the  required  temperature  without  being  exposed  to  the  im- 
mediate action  of  the  flames,  and  are  burnt  and  cooled  quicker, 
and  more  evenly  than  by  the  old  process,  while  at  the  same 
time  it  holds  more  goods,  and  has  much  less  gear  to  remove  each 
charge. 
x\mong  the  articles  manufactured  at  Messrs.  Cliffs'  that 
are  more  immediately  interesting  to  our  subscribers,  we  may 
mention  the  condensing  worms,  found  in  all  sizes  from  18  to  54 
inches  in  height,  and  from  |  inch  to  upwards  of  three  inches  bore, 
stills,  taps,  bowls,  &c.,  &c.,  the  materials  of  which  these  are 
manufactured  varying  almost  with  every  variety.  The  worms 
are  built  up  by  curving  the  required  diameter  of  pipe  to  the 
proper  circle  sufficient  for  one  coil  ;  these  are,  when  stiff  or 
green,"  built  up  one  over  the  other  to  the  height  required. 
In  connection  with  the  subject  of  distillation,  we  may  state 
that  we  saw  in  the  process  of  manufacture  a  huge  condenser, 
consisting  of  a  series  of  pipes,  each  six  feet  in  length  by  three 
and  a  half  inches  in  diameter,  to  be  joined  by  curved  end  pieces. 
Amongst  other  large  sized  novel  articles  we  noticed  several 
stone- ware  rollers  each  six  feet  long,  to  be  used  by  paper-makers. 
These  had  a  splendid  face,  and  were  most  valuable  as  not  being 
liable  to  be  acted  upon  by  the  chlorine  used  in  bleaching  the 
pulp. 
So  numerous  are  the  chemical  wares,  such  as  bottles,  receivers, 
stone  jars,  percolators,  tincture  jars,  &c.,  &c.,  that  we  can  only 
allude  to  a  few.  The  adaptation  of  the  spherically  ground  air- 
tight stopper  to  openings  of  all  sizes,  even  up  to  eighteen  inches 
or  two  feet  in  diameter,  renders  these  wares  much  more  useful 
to  chemists  than  they  would  be  otherwise,  as  when  used  for 
tincture  jars,  percolators,  and  spirit  barrels,  they  possess  the 
advantage  of  not  allowing  the  loss  of  any  spirit  by  evaporation, 
and  are  easily  worked,  all  the  trouble  required  being  that  they 
are  kept  clean. 
These  spherical  stoppers  are  turned  in  a  lathe,  and  are  fitted 
to  the  jars,  after  being  burnt,  by  grinding  with  fine  emery 
powder,  each  jar  and  lid  being  afterwards  lettered  to  correspond. 
The  adaptation  of  these  air-tight  lids  to  stone- ware  jars  of 
