158         Opium  from  the  Commercial  Standpoint.     { imAP°SS;.rm' 
Smyrna,  except  Boghaditz.  It  produces  an  opium  rich  in  morphine, 
but  not  sightly.  It  is  very  soft  and  poor  in  appearance.  It  is  the 
quality  most  in  demand  for  the  manufacture  of  morphine. 
Karahissar.  This  grade  is  derived  from  the  territory  lying  next 
beyond  the  district  known  as  Yerli  and  further  away  from  Smyrna. 
It  covers  practically  all  the  interior  of  Asia  Minor  with  the  town  of 
Karahissar  as  its  centre.  The  opium  is  generally  sightly,  some 
more  so,  some  less.  The  poorer  grades  are  shipped  as  jobbing 
opium  (Adet).  The  better  grades  are  particularly  sightly  and  are 
shipped  only  on  special  orders,  as  they  cost  somewhat  more.  The 
higher  grades  from  that  district  are  also  known  as  u  Selected 
Karahissar,"  and  run  as  a  rule  as  high  in  test  as  the  Yerli  opium 
and  are  mostly  bought  for  mixing  with  the  Yerli  for  manufacturing 
purposes.  The  morphine  content  is  said  to  average  about  11*5  to 
12  per  cent. 
Adet.  This  word  as  used  means  u  common."  It  is  the  opium 
sometimes  called  "  Jobbing  Opium "  and  originally  described  the 
opium  of  inferior  grades  from  all  districts.  The  quality  of  this 
grade,  however,  has  become  so  poor  that  in  modern  practice  it  is 
often  necessary  to  mix  it  with  a  better  quality  opium  before  it  can 
be  placed  upon  the  market. 
Salonica  opium  includes  all  opium  produced  in  European  Turkey, 
and  marketed  through  the  port  of  Salonica.  Formerly  it  was  of 
very  fine  quality,  some  assaying  as  high  as  14  per  cent.,  and  not 
much  of  it  was  produced.  Of  later  years  it  has  grown  in  import- 
ance, until  now  Salonica  markets  about  one-third  of  the  total  opium 
in  Turkey.  The  quality  is  somewhat  poor,  some  shipments  are 
said  to  test  as*  low  as  10  per  cent.  The  finer,  softer  grades  are 
often  shipped  to  this  country  and,  without  being  assayed,  are 
inspected  while  in  bond  by  merchants  of  Cuba  and  the  South 
American  ports,  who  select  from  the  cases  those  lumps  of  the  best 
appearance  and  re- ship  them  to  their  native  lands  to  be  used  in 
smoking.  For  this  opium  they  are  willing  to  pay  a  high  price. 
The  residues  are  then  utilized  in  the  regular  channels. 
Tokat  and  Malatia  opiums  are  produced  in  the  districts  by  that 
name  located  in  Armenia  on  the  southeast  side  of  the  Black  Sea. 
Of  the  two,  Tokat  is  the  most  plentiful  and  the  best  known.  They 
are  sold  in  the  Constantinople  markets  for  export  to  Cuba,  West 
Indies,  Central  and  South  America.     They  are  largely  of  a  light 
