1 62  Well  Known  Synthetic  Chemicals.  {^m'l^\Jm!m' 
ticular.  The  two  phases  of  the  act  just  considered  require,  first, 
that  the  presence  of  certain  habit-forming  drugs  shall  be  declared 
on  the  label,  and  second,  no  injurious  agent  or  agents  which 
deceive  in  any  particular  shall  be  used  in  the  manufacture  of  food 
products. 
It  can  readily  be  seen  by  chemists  familiar  with  the  ingredients 
enumerated  in  the  act  that  the  phrase  "  derivative  and  preparation 
of  same  "  is  very  comprehensive,  which  was  undoubtedly  the  inten- 
tion of  Congress.  This  clause  was  undoubtedly  introduced  for  the 
purpose  of  preventing  or  evading  prosecutions  under  the  law  on 
pure  technicalities.  For  example,  it  has  been  held  by  the  defendant 
in  a  number  of  cases  where  a  prosecution  was  brought,  on  the 
ground  that  a  product  contained  the  forbidden  ingredient,  morphine, 
that  the  ingredient  present  in  the  product  under  consideration  was 
not  morphine,  but  morphine  sulphate.  The  same  position  has  been 
taken  in  other  cases  ;  for  example,  it  is  contended  by  some  manufac- 
turers that  the  introduction  of  cocaine  through  the  medium  of  an 
extract  of  coca  leaves,  or  by  extracting  coca  leaves  directly  with  the 
menstruum  of  the  article,  cannot  be  considered  a  cocaine  preparation 
any  more  than  could  coffee  be  construed  as  a  caffeine  product.  It 
is  immaterial  how  cocaine  is  introduced  into  a  product ;  the  fact  of 
its  presence  renders  such  a  product  a  cocaine  preparation.  Any 
other  conclusion  must  be  based  on  a  technicality  or  is  a  mere 
quibble. 
So  far  as  the  word  "  preparation  "  is  concerned,  as  used  in  the 
act,  there  does  not  appear  to  be  any  question  relative  to  its  meaning, 
but  this  is  not  the  case  with  the  word  "  derivative."  The  term  "  de- 
rived from,"  as  used  in  the  tariff  law  of  1897,  has  not  only  been 
subject  to  decisions  at  the  hands  of  the  Appraiser  of  the  United 
States  Customs  Service,  but  has  also  been  defined  by  the  United 
States  Federal  Court  (1899  Federal  Reporter,  719)  and  the  United 
States  Court  of  Appeals  (1902  Federal  Reporter,  603).  The  de- 
cisions arrived  at  are  that  the  words  "  derive,"  «'  derivation," 
"derivative,"  must  be  interpreted  as  "made  of,"  "prepared  from," 
"  produced  from,"  "  obtained  from,"  and  that  the  term  "  derived 
from  "  has  its  ordinary  meaning  of  "  produced  from  "  and  relates  to 
the  physical  substance  from  which  such  product  is  obtained  and  not 
to  its  chemical  relationship.  In  other  words,  if  the  manufacturer 
starts  with  alizarine  and  by  partial  replacement  produces  a  dye,  such 
