^pl^mbefa™' }     Beginnings  of  Pharmacy  in  America.  401 
Trustees  of  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital.  In  this  little  pamphlet  we 
find  the  following  paragraph  : 
"  The  practitioners  charitably  supplied  the  medicines  gratis  till 
December,  1752,  when  the  managers,  having  procured  an  assort- 
ment  of  drugs  from  London,  opened  an  apothecary's  shop  in  the 
hospital ;  and  it  being  found  necessary,  appointed  an  apothecary  to 
attend  and  make  up  the  medicines  daily,  according  to  the  prescrip- 
tions, with  an  allowance  of  fifteen  pounds  per  annum  for  his  care 
and  trouble,  he  giving  bond,  with  two  sufficient  sureties  for  the 
faithful  performance  of  his  trust." 
Jonathan  Roberts,  who  was  warmly  recommended  by  Dr.  Bond, 
was  appointed  as  the  first  apothecary  to  the  hospital,  and  served  the 
institution  faithfully  and  well  until  the  spring  of  1755,  when  he  re- 
signed to  accept  more  remunerative  employment. 
John  Morgan,  who  was  an  .apprentice  of  Dr.  John  Redman,  suc- 
ceeded as  the  second  apothecary  at  the  Pennsylvania  Hospital.  He 
was  appointed  on  May  19,  1755,  and  served  until  the  following 
spring,  when  he  resigned  to  go  abroad  to  complete  his  medical 
education. 
It  was  this  same  John  Morgan  who,  ten  years  later,  was  the  first 
to  introduce  the  Continental  practice  of  writing  prescriptions,  or  as 
he  called  it  in  his  "  Discourse  upon  the  Institution  of  Medical 
Schools  in  America,"  "  the  regular  mode  of  practicing  physic."  In 
this  same  discourse,  which  was  held  as  an  introductory  lecture  to 
the  institution  of  a  medical  school  in  connection  with  the  College 
of  Philadelphia,  Dr.  Morgan  recommended  the  complete  separation 
of  pharmacy  and  surgery  from  the  practice  of  medicine,  and  said : 
"  We  must  regret  that  the  very  different  employment  of  physician, 
surgeon  and  apothecary  should  be  promiscuously  followed  by  any 
one  man  ;  they  certainly  require  different  talents." 
His  prime  object  in  advising  the  separation  of  the  several  branches 
of  medical  practice  appears  to  have  been  to  improve  the  whole  pro- 
fession by  having  each  department  successfully  cultivated.  He  said  : 
"Let  each  cultivate  his  respective  branch  apart,  the  physician, 
surgeon,  apothecary,  etc. ;  the  knowledge  of  medicine  will  be  then 
daily  improved,  and  it  may  be  practiced  with  greater  accuracy  and 
skill." 
To  the  objections  that  were  raised  against  this  new  idea,  Morgan 
made  the  following  reply :  "  Practitioners  in  general  business  never 
