^Stembe^igS!0'}  ■  Beginnings  of  Pharmacy  in  America.  403 
One  apothecary,  ditto,  one  and  one-third  of  a  dollar.  Twenty 
surgeons'  mates,  each  ditto,  two-thirds  of  a  dollar.  One  clerk,  ditto, 
two-thirds  of  a  dollar.  Two  storekeepers,  each  four  dollars  per 
month.  One  nurse  to  every  ten  sick,  one-fifteenth  of  a  dollar  per 
day,  or  two  dollars  per  month.    Laborers  occasionally. 
"  The  duties  of  the  above  officers  :  The  director-general  to  furnish 
medicines,  bedding  and  all  other  necessaries,  to  pay  for  the  same, 
superintend  the  whole,  and  make  his  report  to,  and  receive  orders 
from,  the  commander-in-chief. 
"  Surgeons,  apothecary  and  mates  to  visit  and  attend  the  sick,  and 
mates  to  obey  the  orders  of  the  physicians,  surgeons  and  apothe- 
cary." 
The  general  regulations  embodied  in  the  above  recommendations 
were  more  or  less  closely  followed  throughout  the  whole  of  the 
Revolutionary  War.  The  pay  of  the  several  officers  it  appears  was 
gradually  increased  to  compensate  in  a  measure  probably  for  the 
gradual  depreciation  of  Continental  currency. 
That  this  was  the  general  practice  is  evidenced  by  the  first  phar- 
macopoeia, or  formulary,  published  in  the  United  States.  Dr. 
William  Brown,  the  author  of  this  first  pharmacopoeia,  was,  in  1 778, 
the  director  of  the  Continental  Army  Hospital  at  Lititz,  in  Lancaster 
County,  Pa.  Of  the  personality  and  life  of  this  author  but  little  is 
known  ;  he  was  probably  born  in  Scotland.  His  academical  as  well 
as  professional  education  was  received  at  the  University  of  Edin- 
burgh, where  he  received  the  degree  of  M.D.  in  1770.  He  is  said 
to  have  practiced  his  profession  in  Alexandria,  Va.,  and  to  have 
been  intimately  acquainted  with  Washington,  Jefferson,  Madison 
and  other  leading  men  of  the  day.  He  served  as  regimental  sur- 
geon during  the  early  years  of  the  Revolutionary  War  and  was  elected, 
on  February  7,  1778,  to  be  physician-general  of  the  middle  depart- 
ment, in  place  of  Dr.  Rush,  resigned. 
As  noted  above,  it  was  while  he  was  in  charge  of  the  general 
hospital  at  Lititz,  Lancaster  County,  Pa.,  that  he  wrote  and  published 
the  first  edition  of  the  "  Pharmacopoeia  for  the  use  of  the  Military 
Hospital."  A  second  edition  of  this  now  extremely  rare  pamphlet 
was  printed  in  1781,  and  it  is  this  edition  that  was  reproduced  in  the 
American  Journal  of  Pharmacy  for  September,  1884. 
To  meet  the  requirements  of  the  medical  service  in  supplying  and 
distributing  medicines  and  hospital  stores  to  the  army,  Congress,  in 
