408  Beginnings  of  Pharmacy  in  America. 
to  Philadelphia,  where  he  instituted  the  course  of  "  Chymical  Lec- 
tures" mentioned  above.  In  1817  he  was  elected  to  fill  the  chair 
of  chemistry  in  the  then  newly  instituted  course  on  the  Natural 
Sciences.  He  remained  at  the  University  of  Pennsylvania  for  five 
years,  when  he  resigned  to  accept  a  professorship  in  the  University 
of  South  Carolina. 
Appreciating  the  evident  need  for  improvement  in  the  pharmacy 
of  that  time,  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  University  of  Pennsyl- 
vania, on  the  recommendation  and  at  the  request  of  the  Medical 
Faculty,  on  February  21,  1 821,  adopted  the  following  resolutions: 
"Resolved,  (1)  That  the  degree  of  Master  of  Pharmacy  be,  and  is  hereby 
instituted,  to  be  conferred  hereafter  by  the  Trustees  of  this  University  on  such 
persons  exercising  or  intending  to  exercise  the  profession  of  an  apothecary  as 
are  and  shall  be  duly  qualified  to  receive  the  same. 
"  (2)  That  the  faculty  of  medicine  be  requested  to  report  to  this  Board  at 
their  next  meeting,  a  proper  form  of  diploma  and  also  a  list  of  such  apothecaries 
in  the  city  and  liberties  of  Philadelphia  as  are  desirous  and,  in  their  opinion, 
deserving  of  the  degree  of  Master  of  Pharmacy,  and  unless  subsequent  reasons 
to  the  contrary  shall  appear,  the  degree  of  Master  of  Pharmacy  shall  be  con- 
ferred on  such  individuals  respectively. 
"  (3)  That  every  person  who  shall  have  served  a  regular  apprenticeship  of  at 
least  three  years  with  a  respectable  apothecary  or  a  master  of  pharmacy,  and 
who  shall  exercise  or  intend  to  exercise  the  profession  of  an  apothecary,  in 
this  State  or  elsewhere,  may,  on  application  to  the  Board,  obtain  the  degree  of 
Master  of  Pharmacy.  Provided  he  shall  produce  a  certificate  of  the  faculty 
of  medicine,  signed  by  the  dean  thereof,  of  his  being  qualified  to  receive  the 
same,  which  certificate  the  faculty  may  grant  on  the  attestation  of  the  professor 
of  chemistry  and  materia  medica  and  pharmacy,  who  shall  have  examined  the 
-candidate.    He  must  also  produce  a  certificate  of  his  good  moral  character. 
"  (4)  That  in  future  it  shall  be  requisite  for  obtaining  such  a  degree  that  the 
candidate  shall  have  attended  at  least  two  courses  of  lectures  on  chemistry, 
materia  medica  and  pharmacy  in  this  University." 
At  the  ensuing  medical  commencement,  held  on  April  5,  1821, 
sixteen  apothecaries  of  the  city  and  liberties  of  Philadelphia  re- 
ceived the  degree  of  Master  of  Pharmacy. 
The  following  is  a  list  of  the  names  as  they  appear  in  the  minutes 
of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  University: 
John  Hart,  Charles  Marshall,  Charles  Treichel, 
John  White,  Christopher  Marshall,  George  F.  Garrotson, 
John  Y.  Bryant,  Mordecai  Y.  Bryant,  John  Stitt, 
Robert  Milnor,  Mordecai  L.  Gordon,  David  B.  Ayers, 
Anthony  Ecky,  James  D.  Rooney,  William  Poole. 
Thos.  Cave, 
