486  American  Pharmaceutical  Association.     { ^^Sli S™" 
preliminary  education  is  necessary  for  the  students  of  these  schools, 
the  institutions  must  teach  themselves. 
Dr.  H.  L.  Taylor,  of  the  Department  of  Education  of  New  York, 
was  also  asked  to  address  the  Section.  Dr.  Taylor  took  issue  with 
Dr.  Wall  and  said  that  the  object  of  education  is  not  utilitarian,  but 
ideal ;  that  in  the  United  States  more  money  is  being  given  for  the 
training  of  children  than  in  any  other  country.  He  then  asserted 
that  utilitarianism  is  not  the  test  of  education,  and  said  endeavors 
are  being  made  to  give  a  uniform  education  to  every  boy  and  girl 
in  the  United  States.  He  said  that  one  of  the  earlier  efforts  was  to 
establish  free  schools,  and  then  to  establish  free  high  schools. 
Then  referring  to  the  colleges  and  schools  of  pharmacy,  he  said 
the  question  is  narrowed  to  this  :  They  are  to  be  reduced  to  trade 
schools,  and  the  students  of  pharmacy  shall  be  satisfied  with  an 
education  which  can  be  obtained  at  fourteen  years  of  age.  They 
must,  however,  wait  until  they  are  twenty-one  years  old  before  they 
can  graduate  from  a  college  of  pharmacy. 
In  closing,  Dr.  Taylor  assumed  that  the  association  would  not 
approve  of  this  plan. 
Professor  Hallberg  agreed  with  Dr.  Wall,  and  criticised  severely 
the  instruction  given  in  the  public  schools.  He  said  that  a  grammar 
school  graduate  ought  to  be  able  to  take  up  the  special  studies 
taught  by  colleges  of  pharmacy. 
Attention  was  then  given  to  the  following  query : 
The  apprenticeship  system  has  ceased  to  exist  in  nearly  all  occu- 
pations in  which  it  formerly  constituted  the  chief  or  only  method 
of  training  by  which  trades  and  professions  could  be  mastered,  and 
professional,  technical  and  trade  schools  have  taken  its  place.  It  is 
generally  recognized  that  this  change  is  an  advance,  and  that  greatly 
increased  efficiency  may  be  attained  through  the  special  schools 
referred  to.    Is  this  true  also  in  regard  to  training  for  pharmacy  ? 
Gustave  Wolff,  of  New  York,  contributed  a  paper  on  this  subject, 
in  which  he  advocated  a  return  to  the  old  apprenticeship  system, 
which  was  a  clerkship  of  ten  years. 
Clement  B.  Lowe,  of  Philadelphia,  followed  with  a  paper  on 
"  Pharmaceutical  Experience  as  a  Prerequisite  to  Pharmaceutical 
Education  and  Examination." 
H.  L.  Taylor,  secretary  of  the  Syllabus  Committee,  presented  a 
list  of  definitions  of  pharmaceutical  terms. 
