THE  PRODUCTION  OF  SULPHUR  IN  ITALY.  413 
■which  possesses  eight  mines,  five  in  the  province  of  Forli 
(Romagna)  called  Firmignano,  Luzzena,  Fosco,  Busea,  and 
Montemamro.  The  other  three,  forming  part  of  the  province  of 
Urbino  and  Pesaro,  are  those  of  Perticara,  Marazzana,  and 
Montecchio. 
Most  of  the  sulphur  from  these  workings  is  refined  at  Rimini, 
whence  it  is  carried  to  the  places  where  it  is  most  in  demand, 
such  as  Venice,  Trieste,  Ancona,  Lombardy,  Tuscany,  &c. 
This  refined  sulphur  is  chiefly  used  for  making  sulphuric 
acid,  and  lately  for  the  treatment  of  the  vine.  Its  price, 
which  varies  considerably,  is,  in  cakes,  from  213  fr.  10  c.  per 
English  ton  of  1-015  kilogrammes,  and  in  sticks  from  254  fr. 
35  c,  put  on  board  vessels  in  the  ports  of  Rimini  and  Cesenatico, 
and  delivered  at  the  stations  of  Rimini  and  Cesana. 
Sulphur  from  the  Neapolitan  Provinces. — Sulphur  is  found 
here  in  several  places,  but  in  small  quantities.  It  is  thus  found 
in  the  volcanic  region  of  Solfatares,  where  it  exists  mixed 
with  clay  and  other  matters,  from  which  it  is  separated  by 
sublimation,  but  the  yield  is  insignificant.  Small  deposits  of  it 
are  found  scattered  in  the  district  of  Majella,  one  of  which  is 
worked  at  Santa-Liberata.  It  has  recently  been  announced 
that  there  has  been  discovered  at  Civita-Nova  a  bearing  of 
calcaire  impregnated  with  sulphur,  but  nothing  has  been  said 
as  to  its  richness  and  extent.  No  more  is  knowTn  of  another 
bearing  at  Santa-Regina,  two*  miles  east  of  Ariano. 
Sulphur  of  Sicily  Sulphur  exists  here  in  a  gypseous  bed, 
layers  of  which  extend  over  a  small  portion  of  the  island,  from 
Mount  Etna  to  near  Trapani.  This  formation  belongs  to  a 
geological  epoch  which  has  not  yet  been  positively  determined. 
Here,  as  in  Romagna,  it  contains,  besides  gypsum,  calcaires 
and  clays,  more  or  less  marl.  In  the  first  case,  the  sulphur 
exists  in  a  state  of  mixture,  sometimes  uniformly,  sometimes 
irregularly,  sometimes  in  small  parallel  veins,  and  more  rarely 
in  the  form  of  crystals  ;  in  the  latter  case  it  is  not  unusual  to 
find  it  associated  with  ccelestine,  or  sulphate  of  strontium.  In 
clay,  on  the  contrary,  it  is  found  in  globular  masses,  which  is 
also  the  case  in  similar  bearings  in  Continental  Italy. 
There  are  about  fifty  mines  in  Sicily,  employing  20,000 
workmen.  The  most  productive  mines  are  in  the  provinces  of 
Caltanisetta  and  Girgenti ;  ranging  next  in  importance  are 
