26  Chemical  Manufacturing  in  Philadelphia    {A™a^°ry  ^917™' 
need  to  ask  twice  for  it  either.  But  should  any  body  of  men  have 
the  power  to  deprive  a  man  of  his  life  work,  with  the  years  of  toil 
and  study  which  it  has  cost  him,  simply  because  he  fails  to  pay  an 
annual  fee?  Such  a  condition  does  not  find  its  counterpart  in  our 
entire  social  order.  We  are  so  accustomed  to  buying  our  "  annual 
immunity  "  that  most  of  us  have  come  to  feel  the  process  entirely 
natural,  and  we  either  go  blindly  on  thinking  that  it  is  for  our  own 
good,  or  we  say,  "Well,  it's  only  a  dollar  and  a  half  a  year — that's 
fairly  cheap.  What's  the  use  bothering  about  it?  I'm  willing  to 
pay  that  much  to  keep  protected  and  to  prevent  men  from  practising 
who  have  no  license."  We  go  on  to  build  up  pharmacy  at  the  top 
and  we  leave  the  same  old  inadequate  foundation  below,  without  an 
added  stone  to  strengthen  it.  A  life  permit  to  practise  pharmacy 
would  do  more  than  any  one  other  thing  possibly  could  to  create 
unity  and  give  stability  to  our  calling.  It  would  help  to  create  a 
professional  atmosphere  and  lend  dignity  to  our  work.  It  would 
help  to  bring  about  conditions  that  would  best  enable  us  to  continue 
our  policy  of  higher  education,  which  is  vital  to  our  existence. 
EARLY  CHEMICAL  MANUFACTURING  IN 
PHILADELPHIA. 
By  Professor  Samuel  P.  Sadtler. 
The  earliest  efforts  at  chemical  manufacturing  in  Philadelphia  as 
in  other  parts  of  the  American  Colonies  were  undoubtedly  due  to 
the  feeling  of  the  colonists  that  they  must  free  themselves  from  op- 
pressive trade  regulations  of  the  mother  country.  We  read  in  the 
sketch  of  the  career  of  one  of  the  pioneers  of  Philadelphia  chemical 
industry,  the  following : 
The  earliest  efforts  of  the  colonists — the  manufacture  of  coarse,  woolen 
fabrics  in  1719 — so  excited  the  jealousy  of  Great  Britain  that  the  English 
Parliament  declared  "  that  the  erecting  of  factories  in  the  colonies  must  be 
discouraged  at  all  cost,"  so  every  enterprise  met  with  great  opposition.  It 
was  not,  however,  until  1774  that  Pennsylvania  became  so  aroused  by  English 
oppression  of  her  industries  that  a  convention  of  delegates  from  all  the  coun- 
ties was  held  in  Philadelphia.  Joseph  Reed  was  president,  Jonathan  B. 
Smith,  John  Benezet  and  Francis  Johnston  were  secretaries.  The  convention 
earnestly  enforced  the  strict  observance  of  non-importation  agreements  and 
to  provide  against  the  inconvenience  which  might  result,  recommended  the 
