ANove0mb'e?hia9™"  }    Applying  Carrel-Dakin  Solution.  509 
Experiments  have  shown  that  in  order  to  instill  the  solution  at 
body  temperature  it  should  be  warmed  to  75 0  to  85 0  C.  before  being 
placed  in  the  caloris  bottle. 
When  used  for  hypertonic  salt  solution,  hypodermoclysis  or 
Murphy  drip  this  apparatus  is  superior  to  other  appliances  in  that 
it  offers  no  difficulty  whatever  for  furnishing  the  liquid  for  irriga- 
tion at  any  desired  temperature.  The  connecting  tubes  are  made 
of  special  thick-walled  rubber  tubing  having  a  very  fine  bore,  thus 
causing  a  minimum  loss  in  temperature  in  the  solution  as  it  travels 
from  the  reservoir  to  the  site  of  irrigation. 
Advantages  of  New  Form  of  Instillation  Tubes. — It  has 
been  found  that  the  usual  style  instillation  tube  with  one  end  closed 
by  tying  as  shown  in  Fig.  1  is  unsatisfactory  and  often  rather  diffi- 
cult to  insert.  Instillation  tubes  in  which  the  ends  are  closed  by 
rounded  glass  or  hard  rubber  plugs  are  also  undesirable  because  the 
plugs  sometimes  become  detached  when  the  tubes  are  withdrawn 
and  remain,  in  the  wound  as  foreign  bodies.  It  is  advisable  there- 
fore to  use  instillation  tubes  of  the  style  shown  in  Fig.  5  (/)  which 
have  a  rounded  closed  end  such  as  is  found  on  the  ordinary  catheter. 
The  large  hole  of  the  catheter  is,  of  course,  replaced  by  a  series  of 
very  small  lateral  holes  extending  over  about  half  the  length  of  the 
tube.  Instillation  tubes  of  this  type  can  readily  be  inserted  into  any 
wound  with  a  minimum  of  pain  and  they  also  eliminate  the  possi- 
bility of  any  foreign  bodies  being  left  in  the  wound  when  they  are 
withdrawn. 
The  fact  that  these  instillation  tubes  are  supplied  with  the  solu- 
tion from  individual  connecting  tubes  in  which  the  flow  can  be 
accurately  adjusted,  makes  it  possible  to  insert  them  from  any  angle 
into  wounds  located  in  different  parts  of  the  body.  •  Furthermore, 
their  use  permits  treating  at  the  same  time,  with  one  apparatus, 
wounds  on  upper  and  lower  surfaces  of  the  body  no  matter  whether 
they  are  in  a  parallel  or  perpendicular  position  to  these  surfaces. 
The  instillation  tubes  in  other  forms  of  apparatus  cannot  be  placed 
in  more  than  one  position  without  causing  the  formation  of  kinks 
in  the  tubes  and  otherwise  interfering  with  the  proper  supply  of 
the  solution. 
The  two-way  circular  tubes  sometimes  sutured  to  the  edges  of 
superficial  wounds  for  the  purpose  of  supplying  the  solution  to  all 
portions  of  them  do  not  always  answer  the  purpose,  because  the  sur- 
face is  usually  not  flat.    One  section  of  the  tube  is  therefore  on  a 
