AmMa°y,ri8P78arm'}      Fluid  Extracts  by  Rep er eolation,  229 
of  the  table  is  33*19  grams,  or  (248*8  :  33*19  :  :  100  :)  13*34  per 
cent,  of  the  weight  of  the  powder.  Then  as  these  percolations  were 
made  by  repercolation,  the  total  extract  should  be  (33*19X3=)  99*57 
grams.  But  the  total  obtained  (33*19+37*74+33'  19=)  104-12  grams, 
slightly  exceeds  this,  showing  that  the  total  exhaustion  was  rather 
better  than  the  first  of  the  series. 
Now  if  the  total  extract  to  be  expected  from  the  24  troy- 
ounces  =746*4  grams,  of  powder  be  99*57  grams.,  and  as  the  finished 
fluid  extract  is  to  weigh  only  (6+8  +  8=)  22  troyounces=684*2  grams., 
then  the  extract  which  should  be  contained  in  the  reserved  portions 
which  constitute  the  finished  fluid  extract  should  be  (As  746*4  :  99*57 
:  :  684*2  :)  91*27.  But  really  the  total  extract  in  these  reserves  is  only 
18*87+3 1'27+3I'27=)  81*41  grams,  or  10*16  grams,  less  than  it 
should  be.  This  deficit  is  mainly  due  to  the  process  having  been 
stopped  at  the  third  percolation  instead  of  being  carried  on  to  include 
the  fourth.  In  order  that  the  fluid  extract  should  represent  the  drug 
grain  for  grain,  or  weight  for  weight,  if  the  extract  was  all  of  equal 
medicinal  value,  the  reserved  percolates  should  weigh  i86*+248*8+ 
248*8  grams.,  and  should  contain  24*9+33*i9+33'i9  grams.  This 
fluid  extract,  to  have  represented  the  drug  in  the  relation  of  minim  for 
grain  should  have  measured  (i77*i2+236,i6+236*i6=)  649*44  cc, 
but  it  really  measured  676  cc,  and  therefore  the  minim  did  not  repre- 
sent the  grain  (|4t)  though  the  preparation  is  much  stronger  than  the 
officinal  one  which  purports  to  have  this  relation. 
To  endeavor  to  remedy  the  apparent  defects  of  this  process  and 
make  a  preparation  which  shall  more  nearly  represent  the  entire  drug, 
another  set  of  repercolations  was  made  with  a  new  menstruum.  As 
the  officinal  menstruum,  namely  stronger  alcohol,  did  not  fully  exhaust 
the  drug,  and  separated  out  the  resinous  portions  from  their  natural 
associates  and  solvents  in  the  drug,  the  attempt  v\as  made  to  go  to  the 
other  extreme  and  try  a  solvent  or  menstruum  which  should  contain 
perhaps  too  little  alcohol,  and  if  so,  yield  a  preparation  overloaded  with 
extractive  matter,  so  that  by  comparing  the  results  of  the  extremes,  a 
better  menstruum  than  either  extreme  might  be  found.  With  this 
object  the  new  menstruum  was  made  of  equal  parts  (by  weight)  of 
stronger  alcohol  s.  g.  -819  at  15*6°  C.=6o°  F.,  or  *8n  at  250  C.= 
770  F.  andwater.   This  mixture  required  26*5^  of  water  to  2  pints  of 
