284 
Emulsiones  Oleosa. 
A.m.  Jour.  Pharm. 
June,  1878. 
This,  after  twenty-four  hours,  is  removed  by  decantation,  or  with  a 
pipette,  and  the  supernatant  liquid  treated  with  chloroform,  as  before. 
The  two  emulsions  of  chloroform  having  been  mixed,  are  thoroughly 
agitated  with  a  half  bulk  of  water  acidulated  with  muriatic  acid.  By 
this  procedure  the  alkaloid  is  more  or  less  perfectly  reconverted  into 
the  stable  chloride.  The  chloroform  is  then  by  distillation  recovered, 
and  the  mixture  evaporated  at  a  low  temperature  to  the  consistency  of 
a  thick  syrup,  care  being  exercised  that  the  reaction  be  at  all  times 
decidedly  acid.  To  the  syrupy  liquid  strong  alcohol  is  added,  and  the 
precipitated  gum  separated  by  filtration.  The  clear  liquid  is  then 
evaporated  upon  a  water-bath  until  all  the  alcohol  is  driven  off  and  an 
impure  solution  of  the  chloride  obtained.  This  is  rendered  strongly 
alkaline  with  carbonate  of  sodium,  and  extracted  twice  with  an  equal 
bulk  of  chloroform.  The  chloroform  now  separates  readily,  or  by 
means  of  some  of  the  manoeuvres  known  to  every  worker  in  alkaloids, 
can  readily  be  coaxed  into  doing  so.  It  is  then  allowed  to  evaporate 
spontaneously.  The  impure  alkaloid  left  behind  is  to  be  purified  by 
solution  in  a  small  quantity  of  water  acidulated  with  muriatic  acid, 
filtering,  rendering  strongly  alkaline  with  carbonate  of  sodium  and 
extracting  with  chloroform.  It  is  probable  that  this  process  would  be 
not  only  simplified,  but  also  improved  by  extracting  th'e  first  concen- 
trated infusion  with  strong  alcohol,  and  thereby  avoiding  the  first  use 
of  chloroform.  The  process  is,  however,  here  given  as  it  was  practised. 
When  given  to  frogs  this  alkaloid  produced  the  symptoms  which  I 
detailed  in  my  previous  note.  I  found  it  to  act  much  less  powerfully 
upon  mammals  than  I  expected.  Three  grains  of  it  hypodermcially 
failed  to  very  seriously  affect  a  dog,  but  killed  a  cat  in  a  short  time. 
EMULSIONES  OLEOSA. 
By  Louis  von  Cotzhausen,  Ph.G. 
[Read  at  the  Pharmaceutical  Meeting,  April  16,  1878.) 
In  oil  emulsions  oil  and  water  are  mixed  uniformly  by  means  of  gum, 
a  mixture  of  gum  and  sugar,  the  yolk  of  eggs  or  alkalies.  If  properly 
made,  there  is  neither  any  uncombined  oil  nor  a  separation  into  layers 
perceptible.  They  are  universally  considered  more  palatable,  more 
acceptable  to  the  stomach  and  of  a  nicer  appearance  than  shake-mix- 
tures, and  thus  combine  the  virtues  of  efficacy  and  elegance.  There 
