Amjity,rx8P78?rm-}      The  Mineral  Springs  of  Turkey.  353 
Salonica. — These  springs  are  the  most  renowned  in  Macedonia,  and  the  town  was 
by  the  ancients  therefore  called  Thermae,  and  the  Bay  of  Salonica,  Sinus  thermaicus. 
The  water  is  considered  very  efficacious,  not  only  in  rheumatic  affections  and  skin 
diseases,  but  also  in  metallic  poisonings  and  syphilis.  The  mud  might  be  used 
with  advantage. 
Nicomedia. — The  town  of  Isnimid  is  situated  not  far  from  the  Bay  of  Nicomedia 
(formerly  Sinus  astacenus)  and  some  twenty  miles  northwest  of  Broussa.  The 
springs,  called  Yalova,  are  next  to  those  of  Broussa,  most  in  repute  with  the  inhabi- 
tants of  Constantinople. 
Kioussesi. — The  mud  deposited  in  these  springs,  and  called  theiothermine,  is  used 
as  poultices  in  ulcers  and  other  skin  diseases. 
Erzerum. — About  12  hours'  travel  from  Erzerum,  near  the  village  of  Hassan- 
Kale,  are  found  the  springs,  which  are  surrounded  with  splendid  buildings. 
Springs  of  Syria  and  Mesopotamia. — In  that  part  of  Syria  which  comprises  the 
Libanon  and  Antilibanon  several  springs  are  found  of  different  composition,  and 
near  Aleppo  are  found  sulphur  waters. 
In  Antiochia  (now  Antakia)  are  found  magnificent  ruins  of  colossal  aqueducts, 
which  conducted  the  water  of  mineral  springs  found  in  the  vicinity. 
CHALYBEATE  SPRINGS. — Troy  (now  Eski  Stambul).— This  water  has  a 
ferruginous,  very  saltish,  taste,  and  is  much  used  in  chlorosis  and  chronic 
hemorrhages.    The  springs  are  called  Lidjia  hamam. 
Icaria. —  Three  springs  are  found  on  this  island,  which  anciently  was  called 
Dolicho,  and,  from  the  great  number  of  fishes  found  there,  also  Ichthyoessa.  One 
of  these  springs  has  a  temperature  of  i27°F.  (42°R.),  and  is  found  near  the  village 
Agios  Kyrillos;  the  other  near  the  cloister  Panayia  Evangyelistra.i  The  third 
spring  is  sulphuretted. 
Angora. — In  Galathea  of  old  (now  Angora)  two  kinds  of  mineral  springs  are 
found.  The  ones  are  cold  and  ferruginous,  the  others  hot  and  sulphuretted.  The 
chief  chalybeate  springs  are  found  at  Kidje  hamam  and  Schah  hamam  and  have  got 
a  wide  reputation  in  dropsical  cases. 
Chos. — This  island,  the  birthplace  of  Hippocrates,  formerly  called  Merope,  now 
Stanchio,  possesses  four  springs.  One  called  Kokkino  neron  (red  water)  or  Xono 
neron  (acidulated  water)  is  found  near  Burina,  and  is  said  to  be  very  good  in 
enlargement  of  the  spleen.  Not  far  from  this  one  are  found  some  sulphur  springs, 
which  are  intermittent.  Near  Saint  Marim  is  found  a  saline  spring,  which  is  said 
to  be  the  original  Hippocratic  spring. 
Pergamos. — This  town,  the  birth-place  of  Galenus  and  Oribasus,  is  situated  near 
several  small  springs,  which,  however,  are  not  much  visited,  since  the  tanners  use 
the  waters  for  softening  the  hides. 
ALKALINE  SPRINGS.— Saint  Catherine  in  Macedonia.— between  Salonica  and 
Volo,  near  the  base  of  the  Olympus,  are  found  several  springs  of  bitter  water,  with 
a  temperature  of  u8°F.  (38aR.)  The  water  is  very  useful  in  disorders  of  the  liver, 
spleen  and  intestines. 
Candia. — Near  the  village  of  Rethimo  is  found  the  only  important  spring,  which 
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