AmNo°vu:x87trnL}      Chamber sburg  Hydrant  Water.  517 
A  preliminary  qualitative  examination  was  first  made,  and  afterwards 
one  liter  of  the  water  was  carefully  evaporated  and  the  residue  dried  at 
no°C;  it  weighed  -090  gram.  The  free  carbonic  acid  and  ammonia 
were  determined  separately.    The  results  were  as  follows  : 
Iron,       .  .  .    -0126  grams,  14*00  per  cent. 
Alumina,      .  .  '0029  3*22 
-Silica,      .  .  .    '0055  6*ii 
Calcium,      .  .  '0209  23*22 
Magnesium,         .  .   -00908  10*08 
Potassium,    .  .  '0067  7*44 
"Sodium,  .  .    "0016  1*78 
Sulphuric  acid  (S04),  -0077  8*55 
Phosphorie  acid  (P04),  '00509  5-65 
Carbonic  acid  (C03),      .    -015  16  66 
Chlorine,     .  .  -00215  2*38 
Organic  matter,   .  .    '00125  1'3^ 
Total,  '09047  100*52 
Total  residue,  '09  100*00 
Gain  due  to  error,       -00047  0*52 
Free  carbonic  acid,     gram  -02 
Free  ammonia,    .  "  '0004 
Temperature  of  the  water,  22°C.    Hardness,  3.450. 
This  water  must  be  regarded  as  very  pure  and  highly  fit  for  domes- 
tic use.  It  contains  a  small  proportion  of  free  ammonia,  about  4-10 
milligram  in  a  million,  and  but  one  and  thirty-eight  hundredths  per 
cent,  of  organic  matter  in  the  solid  residue,  which  is  not  sufficient  to 
produce  enough  free  ammonia,  even  in  the  summer  months,  to  render 
it  unfit  for  drinking  purposes. 
Phosphoric  acid  does  not  usually  exist  in  such  a  large  proportion, 
seldom  more  than  a  mere  trace  being  found  in  river  waters.  But  we 
may  account  for  these  phosphates  in  this  instance  from  the  fact  that 
the  stream  flows  through  a  highly  cultivated  section  of  country — the 
Cumberland  valley — and  receives  much  of  the  fertilizing  substances 
which  the  farmers  put  on  their  fields.  These  fertilizers  consist  largely 
of  phosphates. 
The  absence  of  copper,  lead  and  other  poisonous  metals  would 
further  indicate  its  total  freedom  from  injurious  properties. 
