AmMay,r'i8>7h7arm'}    Adulterations  in  Oleum  Theobrom*.  239 
5  per  cent,  of  suet,  became  cloudy  in  two  minutes  after  dissolving  in 
ether  and  exposing  to  water  of  32°F.  ;  the  cloudiness  gradually  be- 
came more  intense  and  increased,  until  after  ten  minutes  a  few  crystals 
of  cacao-butter  separated  out  of  the  milky  liquid.  In  forty  minutes  the 
separation  of  the  oil  was  complete.  Leaving  the  tube  stand  at  a  tem- 
perature of  580  F.,  unlike  the  pure  oil,  it  did  not  re-dissolve  to  a 
transparent  solution,  but  preserved  a  remarkable  cloudy  appearance. 
In  a  sample  contaminated  with  2  per  cent,  of  stearin,  the  solution  acted 
similar,  with  the  exception  that  the  turbidity  was  not  quite  so  intense. 
I  further  tried  the  behavior  of  pure  cacao  butter  and  mixtures  of 
this  oil  and  stearin  in  solutions  of  petrolem  benzin,  forming  a  mixture 
in  the  same  proportion  as  with  ether.  I  obtained  with  this  solvent 
nearly  the  same  results,  differing  only  in  this  respect,  that  the  separa- 
tion of  crystals  in  pure  solutions  occurs  somewhat  slower,  and  adulter- 
ated oils  when  subjected  to  this  test  do  not  become  completely  sepa- 
rated when  immersed  in  water,  even  when  left  in  there  for  several 
hours  ;  while  the  solutions  in  ether  solidify  generally  between  thirty 
and  forty  minutes.  The  methods  which  indicate  the  purity  or  adulte- 
ration of  the  oil  may  be  summarized  as  follows  :  Pure  cacao  dissolves 
entirely  in  ether  or  benzin,  separating  out  in  minute  granular  crystals 
when  immersed  in  water  of  320  F.,  the  liquid  portion  remaining  trans- 
parent until,  after  thirty  or  forty  minutes,  the  whole  of  it  is  solidified. 
2d.  When,  after  solidification/the  oil  is  left  to  remain  at  a  tempera- 
ture of  about  580  F.,  it  will  redissolve,  forming  a  transparent  solution. 
Adulterations  with  animal  fats  are  indicated,  1st,  by  the  cloudy 
appearance  of  the  solution  which  follows  after  immersing  in  water  of 
320  F.  ;  2d,  by  the  slow  and  incomplete  congeal  me  nt  of  the  oil  when 
subjected  to  the  test  with  petroleum  benzin. 
The  amount  of  sophistication  is  shown,  1st,  by  the  more  or  less 
intense  cloudiness,  and  by  the  slow  or  rapid  formation  of  it  with  the 
above  test.  Largely  adulterated  oils  congeal  almost  instantly,  while 
the  turbidity  of  a  solution  with  2  per  cent,  of  stearin  becomes  visible 
only  after  two  minutes. 
2d.  By  the  more  or  less  complete  congealment  of  the  oil  when 
treated  with  petroleum  benzin. 
3d.  By  the  more  or  less  intense  cloudiness  of  a  congealed  solution 
when  left  for  twelve  hours  at  580  F.  If  largely  adulterated,  the  mix- 
ture will  not  become  liquid  at  all  at  that  temperature. 
