AmAig"ri8P77^rm}  Gleanings  from  the  Foreign  Journals.  401 
conclusion  that  they  have  a  similar  behavior,  the  alkaloid  crystallizing 
from  the  solution,  and  the  crystals,  after  having  been  washed  with  cold 
water,  retain  only  a  sufficient  trace  of  the  acid  to  impart  to  them  a 
faint  odor  of  valerian.— Rep.  de  Phar.,  1877,  p.  142,  from  Nieuw 
Tydsch.  voor  de  phar.  in  Nederl. 
Separation  of  the  Alkaloids  of  Hyoscyamus,  Stramonium  and 
Belladonna  in  Forensic  Analysis. — 720  grams  of  each  of  the  cut 
leaves  were  mixed  with  flour  and  fat,  then  twice  digested,  at  500  C, 
for  24  hours,  with  water  acidulated  with  hydrochloric  acid,  the  solu- 
tions evaporated,  by  means  of  a  water-bath,  to  a  thin  syrup,  this  mixed 
with  three  times  its  volume  of  alcohol,  set  aside  for  24  hours,  filtered 
and  concentrated  to  remove  the  alcohol.  The  aqueous  residue  was 
agitated  with  petroleum  benzin  until  the  latter  remained  colorless  ;  it 
was  then  rendered  alkaline  by  ammonia  and  twice  extracted  with  ben- 
zol, which  was  afterwards  evaporated  to  recover  the  alkaloids.  The 
alkaline  mother-liquors  were  acidulated  with  hydrochloric  acid,  agitated 
with  ether,  again  rendered  alkaline,  and  exhausted  with  two  portions 
of  ether.  The  mother-waters  were  again  similarly  treated,  only  chlo- 
roform being  substituted  for  the  ether.  The  following  shows  the 
yields  : 
From  Benzol.  From  Ether.  From  Chloroform. 
Hyoscyamus,    *oo6  gram,  yellowish  amorphous,    '003  gram,  amorphous,    ■  108  gram,  amorphous. 
Stramonium,      '003  gram,  white,  '005  gram,  crystalline,     "376  gram,  yellowish  crystals. 
Belladonna,       '005  gram,  white,  '008  gram,        "  '410  gram,  " 
On  treating  the  mother-liquors  with  amylic  alcohol,  those  of  hyos- 
cyamus only  yielded  traces  of  alkaloid.  The  liquids  used  for  remov- 
ing the  color  from  the  acid  solutions  were  free  from  alkaloids,  except 
chloroform,  which  is  therefore  not  adapted  for  this  purpose. — Phar. 
Zeitschr.f.  RussL,  1876,  p.  641. 
Hydrochlorate  of  pilocarpina  has  been  employed  by  Dr.  Zaub- 
zer,  who  considers  it  a  very  valuable  sialagogue  and  diaphoretic,  the 
latter  property  being  apparently  somewhat  inferior  to  that  of  jaborandi, 
pver  which  it  has  the  advantage  of  not  producing  nausea  or  emesis, 
nor  of  its  administration  being  followed  by  headache  or  vertigo. — Phar. 
Zeitung,  No.  25. 
Cyclamin  (^2oH34010)  has  been  the  subject  of  investigation  by  Dr. 
L.  Mutschler,  who  obtained  it  by  boiling  the  tubers  of  Cyclamen  euro- 
paeum  with  alcohol  of  65  to  70  per  cent,  and  crystallizing.  It  is  a 
white  powder,  consisting  of  minute  globules,  inodorous,  of  a  very  pun- 
26 
