Am^p0tu:'187h7arm•}      The  Alkaloids  in  Cinchona  Trees.  463 
The  increase  of  the  amorphous  alkaloids  is  much  smaller,  being 
usually  in  the  proportion  of  11  to  10. 
A  comparison  with  the  quill  bark  from  the  smaller  branches  shows 
even  more  decidedly  this  difference  in  the  distribution  of  alkaloids.  Not 
only  do  we  find  the  total  quantity  of  alkaloids  much  less  than  in  the 
stem  bark,  but  the  proportion  of  the  dextrogyrate  alkaloids  is  distinctly 
less.  One  example  will  suffice  to  illustrate  these  remarks  as  well  as 
the  whole  series,  which  all  present  similar  variations  ;  and  I  therefore 
add  the  percentage  of  alkaloids  in  the  branch,  stem,  and  root  bark  from 
one  plantation,  and  the  percentage  composition  of  the  alkaloid  of  each. 
The  composition  of  the  alkaloid  in  the  root  fibre  shows,  as  will  be 
noticed,  an  even  higher  percentage  of  quinidia  than  that  of  the  root 
bark.  It  is  impossible  to  separate  the  bark  from  the  wood  in  these 
small  roots,  which  are  from  the  thickness  of  a  quill  to  a  mere  fibre,  and 
therefore  impossible  also  to  give  the  percentage  of  alkaloids  in  the 
bark  without  the  woody  portion. 
Branch. 
Stem. 
Root. 
Root  Fibres. 
Total  alkaloids 
•  3'3 
5*5 
7'6 
2'o 
Composed  of: — Quinia 
23"5 
20*2 
ii-S 
130 
Quinidia 
•6 
•6 
2  9 
11-4 
Cinchonidia  . 
•  25'3 
23*6 
19-9 
117 
Cinchonia 
.  19-4 
32-8 
47-3 
467 
Amorphous 
31-2 
22-8 
18-4 
17*2 
The  crown  bark  from  Darjeeling  is  interesting  both  in  its  resem- 
blance to  and  difference  from  the  red  bark.  This  species  has  not 
flourished  there  ;  a  large  proportion  of  the  trees  died,  and  those  that 
survived  were  stunted  and  weakly.  The  stem  bark  is  of  fair  quality, 
though  far  inferior  to  that  grown  at  Ootacamund,  yielding  3  to  4  per 
cent,  of  alkaloid,  of  which  60  per  cent,  is  quinia,  with  small  quantities 
of  quinidina  and  cinchonia.  The  root  bark  contains  about  twice  as 
much  total  alkaloid,  of  which  50  per  cent,  is  quinia,  9  per  cent,  quinidia, 
9  per  cent,  cinchonidia,  and  16  per  cent,  cinchonia  ;  the  increase  in 
the  quinidia  and  cinchonia  being  even  more  marked  than  in  the  case  of 
the  succiruba. 
The  root  barks  from  Java  which  I  have  examined  of  the  Cinchona 
succirubra,  C.  Ledgeriania,  and  C.  Hasskarliana,  all  show  the  same  ten- 
dency to  the  development  of  the  dextrogyrate  alkaloids.  As  has  been 
mentioned,  we  are  not  informed  what  stem  bark  belongs  to  the  root 
bark  sent  over  ;  but  it  is  interesting  to  observe  that  in  each  case  the. 
