68  Analysis  of  Pycnanthcmum  Lanceo latum. {AmF?b.jSi.arm" 
parts ;  one  of  which  was  made  alkaline  with  potassium  hydrate 
solution,  and  the  glucose  estimated  with  Fehling's  solution ;  the 
other  was  acidified  with  one  per  cent,  of  hydrochloric  acid,  boiled, 
made  alkaline  with  potassium  hydrate  solution,  and  heated  with 
Fehling's  solution ;  it,  however,  reduced  slightly  less  than  the  first 
part. 
The  alkaline  aqueous  extract  was  of  a  reddish-brown  color.  To 
estimate  total  organic  substance  extracted,  one-tenth  (40  cc  )  was 
evaporated  to  dryness,  and  weighed  ;  the  ash  then  estimated  and 
deducted.  To  estimate  albuminoids,  etc.,  40  cc.  were  acidified  with 
acetic  acid,  and  three  volumes  of  alcohol  added.  The  precipitate 
was  dried  and  weighed,  and  its  ash  estimated  and  deducted. 
The  acid  aqueous  extract  was  obtained  by  digestion  in  the  cold 
with  water  containing  about  one  per  cent,  of  anhydrous  hydrochloric 
acid.  The  total  organic  substance  in  the  extract  was  estimated  in 
an  aliquot  part  by  neutralizing  with  sodium  carbonate,  evaporating 
to  dryness  and  weighing  ;  the  ash  being  then  estimated  and  deducted. 
To  estimate  pararabin  and  calcium  oxalate,  one-tenth  (50  cc.)  was 
neutralized  with  ammonia  water  and  two  to  three  volumes  of  alco- 
hol added.  The  precipitate  was  dried  and  weighed ;  then  gently 
incinerated,  and  its  ash  calculated  from  calcium  carbonate  to  calcium 
oxalate.  The  amount  of  calcium  oxalate  found  was  equivalent  to 
0-38  per  cent,  of  the  air-dry  herb.  The  weight  of  the  calcium  oxa- 
late was  subtracted  from  the  weight  of  the  precipitate,  the  remainder 
being  taken  as  the  weight  of  pararabin. 
The  residue  of  the  plant  after  the  treatment  with  acid  water,  and 
washing,  was  boiled  with  water.  To  one-half  of  the  filtered  liquid 
was  added  about  one  per  cent,  of  hydrochloric  acid ;  it  was  then 
boiled  for  from  three  to  four  hours,  rendered  alkaline  with  potas- 
sium hydrate  solution,  and  the  sugar  estimated  with  Fehling's  solu- 
tion. The  amount  found  was  calculated  to  starch  or  inulin;  and,  as 
the  original  solution  when  tested  for  starch  with  iodine  gave  a  nega- 
tive result,  the  amount  is  stated  as  inulin. 
The  washed  residue  from  the  treatment  with  boiling  water  was 
dried  and  weighed ;  then  treated  with  chlorine  water,  and  washed 
first  with  water,  then  with  a  weak  solution  of  sodium  hydrate  until 
the  washings  were  almost  colorless,  and  finally  again  with  water.  It 
was  then  dried  and  weighed,  the  ash  estimated  in  a  portion,  calcu- 
lated to  the  whole  amount,  and  deducted;  the  amount  remaining 
