74  United  States  Forestry  at  the  Fair.  {^iZCim*™' 
the  space  secured  and  the  excellent  reservations  we  had  to  draw 
upon. 
There  were  68  samples  of  forest  trees  in  sectional  blocks,  averag- 
ing over  4  feet  in  length  and  an  average  tree  diameter.  These  were 
half  polished  and  half  natural  condition  and  typical  of  our  trees  as 
they  appear  throughout  the  State.  Also  95  specimens  native  of 
Centre  County,  50  framed  water  colors  of  forest  leaves  and  60 
framed  photographs  of  Pennsylvania  trees.  Another  collection  con- 
tained some  693  woods  of  the  world  that  had  quite  a  commercial 
interest  attached  to  them. 
Michigan  claims  first  position  among  the  States  in  the  lumber 
business,  and  her  exhibit  of  forest  trees  was  a  very  creditable  one, 
while  the  Agricultural  College  took  a  step  in  the  right  direction  of 
forestry  movement,  by  showing  insect  enemies  and  their  ravages. 
As  one  evidence  of  lumber  industry  in  the  State,  in  1 88 1,  their 
mills  sawed  lumber  sufficient  to  load  a  train  of  cars  2,470  miles 
long,  each  car  carrying  10,000  feet. 
Another  evidence  of  the  size  of  this  industry  was  a  load  of  50 
white  pine  logs  still  on  the  sleds,  aggregating  36,055  cubic  feet,  meas- 
uring 33  feet  3  inches  in  height  and  weighing  144  tons.  This  load, 
however,  was  adjoining  the  stock  pavilion  and  not  in  Forestry  Hall. 
The  Alpena  Sulphite  Fibre  Company  showed  their  paper  fibre  in 
various  processes  of  manufacture. 
Next  in  rank  to  Michigan  is  Oregon,  which  "claims  to  have 
25,000  square  miles  of  internal  and  coast  line  covered  by  a 
growth  of  timber,  the  like  of  which,  in  diversity  and  size,  no  similar 
space  on  earth's  surface  can  boast." 
Among  the  exhibits  was  the  State's  collection  of  commercial 
woods,  a  spruce  log,  10  feet  diameter,  25  feet  from  the  butt,  and 
a  small  house  built  of  35  varieties  of  natural  timbers. 
Chief  of  these  is  the  Douglass,  or  Oregon  Pine  (Abies  Doug- 
lassii),  Red  Fir  or  Red  Hickory,  one  of  the  grandest  trees  of 
the  continent  and  one  of  the  most  important  to  commerce,  frequently 
reaching  200  and  300  feet  in  height.  This  is  called  a  pine,  never- 
theless it  is  a  spruce. 
Their  principal  Pine  is  the  Oregon  Yellow  (Pinus  ponderosa), 
and  their  principal  Firs  the  Western  Balsam  (Pina  grandis)  and 
the  Noble  Fir  (Pina  nobilis),  which  frequently  reaches  200  feet. 
They  have  3  oaks  in  Oregon  as  useful  as  ornamental,  which  are 
