AmFeb.r;]f9h4anu-}     World's  Columbian  Exposition,  etc.  8 1 
More  attention  was  paid  to  the  agricultural  and  economic  side 
of  botany  than  to  the  medicinal  side.  Woods  of  all  kinds  were 
displayed,  being  worked  up  and  polished  to  show  their  especial 
adaptability  to  all  kinds  of  ornamental  and  useful  work.  An  inter- 
esting product  was  a  quantity  of  cassava  bread  (see  Amer.  Jour. 
Pharm,,  1891,  391).  Canada  exhibited  a  section  of  Prunus  virginiana, 
44  inches  in  diameter.  Ceylon  exhibited  tea  and  coffee  from  more 
than  100  estates,  one  sample  of  tea  being  valued  at  $175  per 
pound.  Germany  exhibited  the  processes  for,  and  products  result- 
ing from,  the  manufacture  of  sugar  from  the  beet-root ;  of  spirit  from 
potatoes  ;  of  starch  from  potatoes  ;  of  starch  sugar  by  the  inversion 
of  potato-starch  ;  of  the  manufacture  of  pressed  yeast ;  also  those  of 
malt  making,  beer  brewing  and  vinegar  manufacture.  These  are 
industries  involving  botanical  questions  and  belong  to  the  depart- 
ment of  physiological  botany.  The  time  is  fast  approaching  when 
botany  will  be  recognized  by  the  biologists  and  chemists  to  its 
fullest  extent  and  given  credit  for  all  its  work.  That  this  is  already 
the  case  with  the  biologists,  we  need  but  to  recall  the  recent  discus- 
sions and  examine  the  prospecti  of  some  of  our  leading  universities 
during  the  past  year.  In  some  of  the  "  chemical "  industries 
biologists  (botanical  biologists)  are.  absolutely  necessary  for  the 
production  of  good  products.  An  object  of  special  interest  in  the 
German  exhibit  was  a  pavilion  of  chocolate  30  feet  high  and  made 
of  30,000  pounds  of  material ! 
The  Japanese  showed  a  spirit  of  enterprise  which  was  possibly 
unsurpassed  by  any  country  or  State.  Rice  was  abundantly  shown 
in  all  its  varieties.  The  glutinous  rice  is  chiefly  consumed  by  mak- 
ing it  into  the  form  of  cakes,  called  "  Mochi."  Upland  rice  or 
"  Okato  "  is,  generally  speaking,  far  inferior  in  its  taste  when  cooked 
to  that  of  the  ordinary  rice  grown  in  paddy  fields,  although  there 
is  but  little  difference  between  them  in  chemical  composition.  Many 
of  the  products  of  rice  were  exhibited.  An  interesting  cultivated 
plant  was  Yegoma  (Perilla  ocimoides),  which  yielded  17  per  cent, 
of  a  drying  oil,  which  has  the  property,  when  mixed  with  other  oils, 
that  solidify  in  the  cold  easily  (as  Rape  seed)  of  preventing  their 
freezing.  The  products  of  Haze  fruit  and  Lacquer  fruit  were  also 
shown. 
Among  fibres  may  be  mentioned  Mao  fibre,  the  production  of 
Boehmeria  nilvea  and  Banana  fibre,  the.  product  of  Musa  basjoo. 
