144  Gleanings  from  the  German  Journals.  {A^2ch;F894.rm' 
Ozone  formation  at  high  temperatures.  The  usual  method  of 
making  oxygen  by  heating  potassium  chlorate  and  manganese 
dioxide  gives  a  gas  having  a  strong  chlorine-like  odor,  and  the 
statement  is  frequently  made  that  chlorine  is  present  in  the  oxygen 
produced  in  this  way ;  this  odor  which  could  not  be  due  to  mere 
traces  of  chlorine,  led  Brunck  to  make  an  investigation.  The 
residue,  obtained  by  heating  potassium  chlorate  and  manganese 
dioxide,  with  water  gave  a  clear  and  neutral  solution  (demonstrat- 
ing that  chlorine  could  not  have  been  liberated  as  in  that  case  an 
alkali  would  either  result  or  some  manganese  would  enter  solution 
as  a  manganate) ;  the  gas  after  washing  with  strong  potassium 
hydrate  solution  not  losing  its  property  of  bluing  potassium-iodide- 
starch  test  paper  first  suggested  the  presence  of  ozone  which  would 
explain  the  odor  and  behavior.  It  was  then  demonstrated  that 
ozone  was  not  decomposed  at  the  temperature  at  which  the  gas  is 
made  and  that  it  could  even  exist  at  a  red  heat  if  it  was  not  kept  at 
that  temperature  too  long.  Perfectly  pure  potassium  chlorate,  if 
heated  by  itself,  will  yield  a  perfectly  pure  oxygen,  but  even  traces 
of  potassium  chloride,  silica,  etc.,  are  sufficient  to  cause  the  forma- 
tion of  ozone;  equal  quantities  of  black  oxide  of  manganese  and 
very  carefully  purified  potassium  chlorate  gave  off  oxygen  contain- 
ing 0-3  per  cent,  ozone  ;  the  ozone  increases  with  larger  quantities 
of  the  black  oxide,  when  the  proportions  are  25  to  I,  the  oxygen 
contains  1-55  per  cent,  ozone.  A  study  of  the  metallic  oxides  in 
connection  with  this  ozone  formation  showed  that  the  oxides  of 
silver  and  mercury  and  peroxides  of  lead  and  barium  even  if  heated 
in  atmosphere  free  from  oxygen  will  yield  ozone ;  other  oxides  like 
those  of  manganese,  cobalt  and  nickel  heated  in  an  atmosphere  free 
from  oxygen  will  yield  no  ozone  but  will  do  so  if  heated  in  a  current 
of  oxygen  or  if  heated  with  some  oxygen  liberating  substance  like 
potassium  chlorate.  A  remarkable  effect  is  exerted  by  the  alka- 
lies;  if  small  quantities  of  sodium  carbonate,  etc.,  be  added  to  the 
manganese  dioxide  and  potassium  chlorate  no  ozone  is  produced ; 
the  residue,  however,  then  contains  sodium  peroxide ;  if  the  black 
oxide  of  this  last  experiment  be  thoroughly  washed  and  used  again 
with  potassium  chlorate  it  will  not  have  lost  its  property  of  forming 
ozone. — (Berichte)  Apotheker  Ztg.,  1894,  41- 
Lycetol,  lupetazine,  dimethyl-pip erazine  and  dipropylene-diamide  are 
all  names  given  to  possible  substitute  for  piperazine;  this  base  is  a 
