262 
Colleges  and  Associations. 
Aru.  Jour.  Pharrc. 
May,  1894. 
(3)  Name  the  several  oxides  of  lead,  give  their  formulas,  describe  their  appear- 
ance, and  state  their  technical  uses.  (4)  How  is  white  lead  made?  (5)  Give 
the  formulas  of  plumbi  acetas,  plumbi  carbonas,  plumbi  iodidum. 
D — (1)  How  is  potassii  bichromas  made?  (2)  What  takes  place  when  an 
excess  of  sulphuric  acid  is  added  to  its  concentrated  aqueous  solution  ?  (3) 
Describe  the  pharmacopceial  tests  for  this  salt.  (4)  What  chemical  changes 
take  place  in  each  of  these  cases?  (5)  What  pigments  maybe  formed  from 
potassii  bichromas  ? 
E — (1)  Mention  the  most  important  ores  of  iron.  (2)  Give  an  outline  of  the 
process  of  extracting  the  metal  from  the  ore.  (3)  What  are  the'several  varieties 
of  commercial  iron,  and  in  what  respects  do  they  differ  physically  and  chemi- 
cally ?  (4)  Give  the  formulas  of  the  several  sulphates  of  iron  recognized  in  the 
Pharmacopoeia,  with  the  proper  chemical  names  corresponding.  (5)  State  how 
you  can  change  a  ferrous  solution  into  a  ferric  one,  and  vice  versa. 
F — (1)  What  is  an  ether?  Give  the  formula  of  an  official  ether.  (2)  What 
is  an  ester  ?  Give  the  formula  of  an  official  ester.  (3)  What  is  an  aldehyde  ? 
Give  the  formula  of  an  official  aldehyde.  (4)  What  is  a  fatty  acid  ?  Give  the 
formula  of  official  fatty  acid.  (5)  What  is  an  amide  ?  Give  the  formula  of  an 
official  amide. 
G — (1)  Give  the  classification  of  the  carbohydrates.  (2)  State  what  are  the 
distinctive  differences  in  formulas  and  reactions  between  the  several  classes. 
(3)  What  are  the  commercial  sources  of  cane  sugar,  and  what  is  their  relative 
importance  ?  (4)  How  can  you  distinguish  between  saccharum  and  saccharum 
lactis?  (5)  Give  an  account  of  the  more  important  industries  based  upou 
cellulose. 
H—{i)  Show  by  graphic  formulas  the  difference  between  a  phenol  and  an 
aromatic  alcohol.  (2)  Show  by  graphic  formulas  the  difference  between  an 
aromatic  acid  and  a  phenol  acid.  (3)  Give  the  formulas  of  two  official  phenol 
acids.  (4)  Give  the  formulas  of  two  official  phenols.  (5)  Give  the  formula  and 
proper  chemical  name  of  salol. 
/ — (1)  Describe  naphthalene,  state  its  sources  and  how  extracted  and  puri" 
fied.  (2)  Write  the  graphic  formula  of  /J-naphthol.  (3)  Write  the  graphic  formula 
of  a-naphthylamine.  (4)  Write  the  graphic  formula  of  a-naphthoic  acid.  (5)  What 
basic  nitrogenous  compound  corresponds  closely  in  formula  with  naphthalene? 
K—{i)  What  are  essential  oils  ?  (2)  In  what  respects,  physical  and  chemi- 
cal, do  they  differ  from  the  fixed  oils?  (3)  How  are  they  obtained  from  the 
substance  in  which  they  occur  ?  (4)  State  the  most  important  classes  of  con- 
stituents that  occur  in  them,  giving  the  chemical  distinctions  between  them. 
(5)  Mention  some  of  the  most  important  of  the  essential  oils,  and  give  their 
practical  uses,  both  pharmaceutical  and  technical. 
MATERIA  MEDICA  AND  BOTANY. 
A — (1)  Write  the  U.S. P.  or  official  names  of  three  monocotyl  drugs — one  a 
root-drug,  one  a  rhizome-drug  and  one  an  inspissated-juice  drug.  (2)  The  fol- 
lowing are  the  botanical  names  of  plants  yielding  official  drugs  :  Fraxinus 
ornus,  claviceps  purpurea  and  asagrsea  officinalis.  What  is  the  official  part  and 
what  the  official  name  of  the  drug  in  each  case  ? 
£—(3)  Write  the  names  of  two  root-drugs  that  in  overdoses  act  as  narcotic 
poisons.    (4)  Write  the  name  of  the  most  important  constituent  in  each  of  two 
