426 
Fungi. 
(  Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
t  September,  1894. 
wood,  etc.  The  sporocarp  develops  and  is  really  what  we  term  the 
plant.  From  basidiospore  is  produced  a  mycelium.  When  plants 
are  well  fed  they  produce  the  schlerotium.  In  a  few  days  the  resting 
stage  has  arrived  and  we  observe  a  colorless  inner  tissue  and  a  black 
rind,  the  cells  of  which  are  united  into  a  firm  tissue.  A  hypha 
branches  repeatedly  and  the  ramifications  gather  into  a  coil  or 
cluster.  This  hypha  coil  forms  inside  of  it  (a)  a  nucleus  of  pale 
tissue ;  (b)  the  first  rudiment  of  the  stipe  ;  and  (c)  on  the  outside 
an  envelope  of  hyphae,  i.  e.: 
(1)  On  exterior — .a  pseudoparenchyma  (rather  thick)  tissue. 
(2)  Centre  of  two  parts :  (a)  umbrella  part  and  (b)  stipe. 
On  the  umbrella  part  we  find  divisions  known  as  gills. 
Upon  the  gills  arise  a  tissue  called  trama. 
The  outer  part  of  the  trama — bearing  the  spores — is  called  the 
hymenial  layer. 
The  hymenial  layer  consists  of  three  kinds  of  cells : 
(a)  Cystides — sterile  spore  cells. 
(b)  Paraphyses — tubular  cells  without  septa  or  spores. 
(c)  Basidia — tubular  cells,  bearing  spores. 
The  cavities  cantaining  the  spores  are  called  gleba. 
In  the  Gasteromycetes  we  have:  Bovista,  Lycoperdon,  Geaster, 
Phallus,  Cyathus,  etc. 
(2)  The  Hymenomycetes  represent  the  highest  group  of  the  chlo- 
rophyll free  Carposporeae.  Upon  the  mycelium  arise  the  young 
sporocarps.  These  are  composed  of  parallel  hyphae,  which  send 
out  lateral  branches  at  the  top,  forming  the  umbrella-shaped  pileus, 
common  in  many  of  the  genera.  Later  an  opening  arises  and  a 
tissue  develops  between  this  opening  and  the  margin  of  the  sporo- 
carp, forming  the  veil — which  finally,  by  reason  of  the  rapid  growth 
of  the  pileus,  becomes  ruptured.  Upon  the  under  side  of  the  pileus 
develop  gills,  which  latter  develop  upon  their  surface  a  hymenial 
layer,  which  latter  bears  basidia  and  also  bladded-shaped  cells  called 
cystidia. 
The  Hymenomycetes  contain  the  larger  fungi,  many  of  which  are 
edible.  The  important  common  genera  of  this  group  are :  Agari- 
cus,  Hydnum,  Polyporus,  Clavaria,  etc. 
(3)  Tremellinece  are  nearly  related  to  the  Hymenomycetes  and  by 
some  included  therein.  They  are  gelatinous  fungi,  of  irregular 
shape,  and  on  the  surface  produce  a  hymenial  layer  with  spores- 
