Am  Jour.  Pharm.") 
September,  1894.  J 
Fungi. 
427 
The  Tremellineae  are  found  on  wet  tree  trunks  rather  than  on  dead 
branches  or  upon  the  ground. 
(II)  The  Ascomycetes  differ  from  all  other  Carposporeae  in  produc- 
ing their  spores  in  sacs.  The  spores  are  a  result  of  an  act  of  fertiliza- 
tion. The  sexual  organs  consist  of  carpogonium  and  antheridium. 
As  a  result  of  fertilization,  a  sporocarp  is  produced  (by  growth  of 
enveloping  cells),  which  is  technically  called  the  perithecium.  It  is 
frequently  appendaged,  contains  an  ascus  and  generally  eight 
ascospores. 
The  methods  of  reproduction  are  by : 
(a)  Ascopores. 
(b)  Spores  called  macro  stylo  spores  produced  in  a  receptacle  called 
pycnidium. 
(c)  Spores  called  microstylospores  produced  in  a  spermagonium. 
(d)  A  sexual  spore  cut  off  singly  or  in  chains  from  fruit  hypha. 
(1)  Discomycetes,  fruit  body  open  entirely  from  the  first  or  when 
ripe — called  apothecium.  They  are  generally  disc-like  or  cup- 
shaped  saprophytes,  frequently  attaining  large  dimensions.  It 
includes  Peziza,  Ascobolus,  Morchella,  etc. 
(2)  Pyrenomycetes  possess  hard  or  coriaceous  tissues,  the  hyme- 
nium  is  in  deep  cavities  {perithecid)  with  small  openings.  It  includes 
Claviceps,  Sphaeria,  etc. 
(3)  Perisporeacce  (Erysiphaceae)  are  parasitic  plants  forming  a 
white  film  on  leaves  and  stems.  The  fruit  body  remains  closed 
until  it  decays. 
In  Gymnoasci  we  have  plants  in  which  the  asci  are  scattered  over 
the  mycelium — not  in  a  fruit  body. 
Uredmecz,  now  called  sEcidiomycetesy  produce  a  cup-shaped  fruit 
(iEcidium-fruit),  from  the  open  top  spores  are  discharged.  The 
bottom  part  forms  a  hymenium  from  which  new  spores  arise.  The 
Smuts  and  Rusts  are  included  here. 
Prof.  Bourquelot,  in  a  paper  read  before  the  Academy  of  Sciences 
of  Paris,  last  year,  pointed  out  that  the  parasitical  mushrooms  pro- 
duce a  soluble  ferment  analogous  to  emulsin.  It  possesses  the 
property  of  dissolving  various  glucosides,  as  amygdalin,  salicin, 
coniferin,  etc.  Willow  trees,  pine  trees  and  poplars,  etc.,  are  attacked 
by  various  species  of  fungi.  Consequently,  argues  Bourquelot, 
owing  to  this  ferment  which  they  secrete,  all  parasitical  mushrooms 
can  utilize  the  glucosides  contained  in  the  trees  upon  which  they 
