428         The  Interaction  of  Borax,  Carbonates,  etc. 
subsist,  which  under  its  influence  produces- a  variety  of  products, 
among  which  is  glucose. 
E.  Winterstein,  in  Ber.  d.  Chem.  Ges.,  1893.  3098,  records  the 
presence  of  another  carbohydrate — paradextrin — besides  trehalose 
in  Boletus  edulis.  It  possesses  the  formula  (C6H10O5)  and  may  be 
therefore  classed  among  the  carbohydrates.  From  a  medicinal 
standpoint,  another  interesting  property  is  recorded  for  Lycoperdon 
giganteum,  by  Dr.  A.  L.  Hall  {Medical  Rcc,  1893,  No.  11 86).  He 
has  employed  it  in  several  cases  of  nasal  hemorrhage  with  prompt 
and  efficacious  results.  He  considers  this  Lycoperdon  to  be  supe- 
rior to  many  other  hemostatics  on  account  of  its  non-irritating 
properties. 
A  most  valuable  physiological  observation  has  been  observed  by 
W.  Wahrlich  (Bot.  Centralb.,  1893,  3^8).  He  has  found  a  continuation 
of  protoplasm  between  the  cells  of  all  the  fungi  examined,  with  the 
single  exception  of  Oidium  lactis  This  has  been  seen  not  only 
between  the  vegetative  cells  of  the  hyphae,  but  also  between  those  of 
the  asci  and  those  of  the  ascospores,  and  in  some  cases  between  the 
cells  of  multicellular  spores.  In  all  cases,  the  septum  exhibited  a 
single  centra]  pore  and  was  traversed  by  a  string  of  protoplasm  of 
uniform  breadth.  The  pore  is  not  formed  by  resorption  of  a  portion 
of  the  membrane,  but  exists  from  the  first.  This  was  especially 
well  seen  in  young  cultures  of  Achorion  Schonleinii.  From  the 
absence  of  protoplasmic  connections  in  those  fungi  in  which  each 
cell  is  independently  nourished,  such  as  Oidium,  and  in  some  pili- 
form  algae,  Wahrlich  concludes  that  they  are  the  agents  for  the 
transport  of  food  material,  by  means  of  which  the  granular  proto- 
plasm is  conveyed  from  cell  to  cell.  This  was  observed  directly  in 
Eurotium  rep  ens. 
THE  INTERACTION  OF  t  BORAX,  CARBONATES  AND 
POLYHYDRIC  ALCOHOLS;  ALSO,  THE  COMPOSITION 
OF  BORAX. 
By  Lyman  F.  Kebeer,  Ph.C,  B.S. 
It  was  profoundly  stated  by  Lord  Bacon  that  "  In  all  generations 
and  transformations  of  bodies,  we  should  inquire  what  is  added, 
what  remains  and  what  is  lost ;  what  is  united  and#what  is  separ- 
ated."   This  is  the  true  character  of  inductive  philosophy,  careful 
