58o 
Rubus  Villosus. 
f  Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
1   December,  1894. 
than  the  thickness  of  the  cortex,  is  usually  tetrarch  or  pentarch, 
and  undergoes  few  secondary  changes.  The  central  part  of  the 
bundle  usually  remains  pithy,  and  its  cells  contain  fine-grained 
starch. 
DESCRIPTION  OF  FIGURES. 
Fig.  i. — A,  Flowering  plant  of  Asaruin  Canadense,  three-quarters  natural 
size. 
C,  One  of  the  flowers  as  seen  in  vertical  section,    a,  segment  of 
calyx  ;  b,  stigma  ;  c,  ovules. 
D,  Ground  plan  of  the  flower. 
F,  One  of  the  stamens. 
The  above  drawings  are  from  the  "  Laboratory  Exercises  in  Botany." 
Fig.  2. — A,  Transverse  section  of  rhizome  magnified  nine  diameters,  a, 
epidermis  ;  b,  cylinder  sheath  ;  c,  vasal  bundle  ;  d,  secretion 
cell. 
B,  Longitudinal  section  of  rhizome,  also  magnified  nine  diameters. 
The  small  letters  refer  to  the  same  parts  as  in  A. 
Fig.  j. — Part  of  cross-section  of  rhizome  magnified  seventy-five  diameters. 
a,  hair  on  epidermis  ;  b,  epidermal  cell  ;  c,  collenchyma  ;  d,  d/  secretion  cells  ; 
e,  cortical  parenchyma  cell  ;  f,  cylinder  sheath  ;  g,  vasal  bundle  ;  h,  pith 
parenchyma  cell. 
Fig.  4. — One  of  the  cortical  parenchyma  cells,  containing  starch,  magnified 
1,200  diameters. 
Fig.  5. — Transverse  section  of  one  of  the  roots,  magnified  seventy-five 
diameters,  showing  a  pentarch  bundle  in  the  central  cylinder.        epidermis  ; 
b,  secretion  cell  ;  c,  one  of  the  xylem  rays  ;  d,  one  of  the  phloem  masses. 
RUBUS  VILLOSUS.- 
By  Herman  Harms,  Ph.G. 
Contribution  from  the  Chemical  Laboratory  of  the  Philadelphia  College  of 
Pharmacy.    No.  137. 
For  a  complete  analysis  of  blackberry  bark,  the  reader  is  referred 
to  an  inaugural  essay  by  G.  A.  Krauss,  in  the  American  Journal  of 
Pharmacy  for  1889,  page  605  ;  and  for  further  investigation  of  the 
glucosidal  principle  to  a  paper  by  the  same  author,  in  this  Journal, 
for  1890,  page  161. 
It  was  with  a  view  of  examining  this  last  substance,  as  also  the 
tannin  of  the  drug,  that  the  present  work  was  undertaken. 
For  the  former  purpose,  1,500  grams  of  coarsely-powdered  bark 
were  exhausted  with  alcohol,  sp.  gr.,  -820,  the  percolate  concen- 
trated under  reduced  pressure,  diluted  with  water,  and  treated  with 
