198  Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy.  {AmAJp°rnr;i9£)arm^ 
process,  and  thus  protected  at  the  time  of  its  admission,  as  an  example.  The 
debatable  ground,  he  said,  concerned  those  substances  which  in  themselves 
were  patented,  and  to  the  admission  of  these  he  was  decidedly  opposed. 
THE  PHILADELPHIA  COLLEGE  OF  PHARMACY. 
The  following  is  a  copy  of  the  questions  given  to  the  first  and  second  year 
classes  at  their  recent  examination.  Those  in  operative  pharmacy,  practical 
botany,  pharmacognosy  and  analytical  chemistry  were  conducted  in  the  respec- 
tive laboratories  ;  the  others  were  written. 
FIRST  YEAR  EXAMINATION. 
THEORY  AND  PRACTICE  OF  PHARMACY. 
A — (1)  What  is  a  fluid  extract?  (2)  Give  the  typical  formula  for  an  official 
fluid  extract.  (3)  What  is  meant  by  a  fluid  extract  made  by  percolation  with 
incomplete  exhaustion  ?  (4)  Describe  continuous  percolation  and  illustrate 
Beck's  process  by  a  sketch  or  detailed  description. 
B — (1)  What  is  meant  by  vacuum  percolation?  What  are  the  uses  of 
vacuum  evaporation  ?  (3)  What  mechanical  methods  are  employed  in  applying 
a  vacuum  to  evaporation  ?  (4)  Name  three  examples  of  products  used  in 
pharmacy,  or  the  arts,  in  the  manufacture  of  which  a  vacuum  pan  is  employed,, 
and  give  reasons  for  using  it  in  each  case. 
CHEMISTRY. 
C — (1)  Describe  the  element  Chlorine,  and  write  a  reaction  for  its  produc- 
tion. (2)  What  are  the  chief  uses  of  Chlorine  in  the  arts,  and  in  what  forms  or 
preparations  is  it  mainly  taken  for  such  utilization  ?  (3)  Give  the  formula  for  its 
Hydrogen  Compound,  and  write  a  reaction  for  its  production.  (4)  What  are 
the  compounds  of  Chlorine  and  the  metals  called?  Give  examples,  naming 
official  compounds.  (5)  Give  the  list  of  compounds  of  Chlorine  and  Oxygen,, 
with  names  and  formulas. 
D  —  (1)  Describe  the  occurrence  of  the  element  Carbon  in  nature.  (2) 
Name  the  official  forms  of  Carbon,  and  state  the  uses  of  each.  (3)  Mention 
the  several  Oxides  of  Cirbon,  and  describe  each.  (4)  What  is  the  formula  of 
Carbonic  Acid,  and  how  is  it  made  ?  (5 )  Give  the  formula  of  a  neutral  carbon- 
ate, an  acid  carbonate  and  a  basic  carbonate. 
PHYSIOLOGY. 
E — Digestion. —  (1)  Name  the  digestive  ferments  which  act  upon  the 
following,  viz.,  bread,  butter  and  meat.  (2)  State  where  these  ferments  are 
secreted,  and  the  changes  which  take  place  in  these  foods  to  render  them  fit 
for  absorption.  The  Blood. — (3)  State  briefly  the  route  of  the  circulation  of  the 
blood.  (4)  What  ratio  do  the  beats  of  the  heart  bear  to  each  respiration?  The 
Urine.—  (5)  What  is  its  normal  specific  gravity,  reaction,  quantity,  color  and. 
odor  ?  (6)  Name  briefly  its  route  from  the  blood  to  the  bladder.  The  Nervous 
System.— (7)  Of  what  two  kinds  of  matter  is  nerve  tissue  composed?  (8)  In 
case  of  contact  of  a  finger  with  a  hot  iron,  what  action  will  take  place,  and 
why  ?    State  briefly  the  functions  of  the  cerebellum  and  cerebrum. 
