430  Investigation  of  the  Tannins.  {As™ptJembef,hi9oo.K 
The  ashes  were  composed  of  potassium,  calcium,  and  iron  as 
carbonates,  sulphates  and  phosphates. 
Fagns  Ferruginea. — A  sample  of  bark  from  the  common  beech, 
Fagus  ferruginea,  collected  at  Haddonfield,  N.  J.,  on  June  27,  1893, 
yielded  the  following  results  :  Moisture,  29-33  Per  cent.;  and 
tannin  in  the  absolutely  dry  bark,  2-44  per  cent.  The  properties 
of  the  tannin  found  in  this  bark,  as  displayed  by  qualitative  reactions, 
indicate  its  similarity  to  the  members  of  the  oak  bark  group  of 
tannins. 
Carpinus  Americana. — A  sample  of  bark  from  Carpinus  americana 
was  collected  at  St.  David's,  Pa.,  on  June  27,  1894.  It  showed  the 
following  quantities :  Moisture,  10-14  percent.;  ash  in  absolutely 
dry  bark,  10*43  Per  cent.;  tannin  in  absolutely  dry  bark,  3-67  per 
cent. 
Alnus  Serrulata  and  Alnus  Rubta.  Barks  from  two  species  of 
Alnus  were  examined.  The  bark  of  Alnus  serrulata  was  collected 
at  St.  David's,  Pa.,  on  July  13,  1895.  The  bark  of  Alnus  rubra  was 
received  from  Prof.  F.  E.  Lloyd,  Forest  Grove,  Ore.;  it  was  gathered 
on  October  5,  1895.    The  results  were  as  follows: 
Ash  in         Tannin  in 
Absolutely  Absolutely 
Species.  Moisture.         Dry  Bark.      Dry  Bark. 
A.  serrulata   15 '88  6*49  6*05 
A.  rubra  7*66  5-31  9-84 
It  is  reported  that  the  bark  of  Alnus  rubra  is  used  for  tanning  in 
the  vicinity  of  Forest  Grove,  that  the  color  of  the  leather  produced 
with  it  is  light,  and  the  quality  apparently  as  good  as  that  tanned 
with  hemlock  or  spruce  bark. 
Quercus. — In  order  to  determine  the  value  of  the  inner  and  outer 
bark  of  the  chestnut  oak,  Quercus  prinus,alot  of  bark  was  collected 
from  the  trunk  of  a  medium-sized  tree,  near  the  ground.  The  trunk 
was  about  8  inches  in  diameter.  The  bark  was  carefully  sep- 
arated into  the  two  layers.  The  respective  portions  showed  the 
following  figures: 
Inner  Bark.    Outer  Bark.    Entire  Bark. 
Moisture  14-83  14-14  15*05 
Ash  in  absolutely  dry  bark  1-63.  1*41  1*65 
Tannin  in  absolutely  dry  bark  11*12  7*16  10*59 
Specimens  of  the  bark  of  Quercus  arizonica  and  Q.  oblongifolia 
were  furnished  by  Professor  Tourney,  of  Tucson,  Ariz.  Professor 
