^"ptembeSm1'}    British  Pharmaceutical  Conference.  449 
Turpentine  and  Terebene. 
By  C.  T.  Tyrer  and  A.  Wertheimer. 
The  authors  have  made  a  careful  physical  examination  of  Ameri- 
can, Russian  and  French  turpentine  oils  and  terebene  made  there- 
from, and  propose,  at  some  future  date,  to  investigate  similar  pro- 
ducts from  all  possible  sources.  As  a  general  rule,  they  find  that  the 
higher  the  initial  rotation  of  American  turpentine,  the  smaller  is 
the  product  of  inactive  mixture  capable  of  steam  distillation  and 
the  higher  the  specific  gravity.  French  turpentine  has  a  greater 
tendency  to  oxidize  than  American,  being  intermediate  between 
that  and  the  Russian  oil.  The  authors  also  find  that,  with  proper 
attention  to  the  conditions  of  manufacture,  the  requirements  of  the 
B.P.  with  regard  to  terebene,  when  prepared  from  American  oil, 
can  be  reasonably  complied  with.  From  the  results  of  their  experi- 
ments the  authors  are  inclined  to  doubt  the  existence,  under  ordi- 
nary conditions  of  manufacture,  of  a  distinct  inactive  modification 
of  the  constituents  of  American  turpentine  or  of  terebene  prepared 
therefrom. 
Sandal  Wood  Oil. 
By  E.  J.  Parry. 
Sandal  wood  oil  consists  of  about  90  per  cent,  santalol,  which  is 
a  mixture  of  two  or  more  bodies  of  an  alcoholic  nature,  to  one  of 
which  the  name  santalene  has  been  applied. 
Waste  Menthol. 
By  A.  W.  Gerrard. 
Waste  menthol  can  be  economically  recovered  in  a  pure  state  by 
crystallization  from  ether. 
Almond  Oil. 
By  W.  C.  Allen  and  E.  T.  Brewis. 
The  authors  point  out  that,  inasmuch  as  different  countries — 
Morocco,  Canary  Islands,  Portugal,  Spain,  France,  Italy,  Sicily, 
Syria  and  Persia — yield  the  principal  supplies  of  almonds,  we 
have  to  deal  with  the  products  of  seeds  grown  under  varying  condi- 
tions of  climate  and  soil.  They  are  of  opinion  that  the  percentage 
of  fixed  oil  present  in  the  seeds  does  not  exceed  45  per  cent,  from 
