AmAJX ipS!™*)        Andalusian  Essential  Oils.  279 
distillation  and,  furthermore,  a  vacuum  is  maintained  in  the  vat  and 
coil.  The  duration  of  the  refining  process  depends  upon  the  quan- 
tity of  oil  to  be  distilled.  After  the  aromatic  oil  has  been  recovered 
there  remains  an  oleoresin  which  is  thrown  away.  This  is  some- 
times found  to  the  extent  of  over  25  per  cent.  The  refined  essential 
oil  has  the  true  plant  odor  in  a  high  degree,  is  of  the  greatest 
strength,  unusual  solubility,  brilliant  and  limpid,  and  is  absolutely 
pure. 
Increased  Shipments  to  America. — Statistics  of  the  total  produc- 
tion of  essential  oils  in  this  district  or  of  the  total  exports  of  such 
oils  from  Malaga  are  not  available.  However,  the  following  state- 
ment, giving  in  dollars  the  exports  to  the  United  States  from  1898 
to  date,  indicates  the  rapid  growth  of  the  industry  (the  increase  of 
the  exports  to  the  United  States  since  the  outbreak  of  the  war  is 
worthy  of  note)  :  In  1898,  $179;  in  1899,  $565;  in  1900,  none;  in 
1901,  $669;  in  1902,  $502;  in  1903,  none;  in  1904,  none;  in  1905, 
$5455;  in  1906,  none;  in  1907,  $1,231;  in  1908,  $3,902;  in  1909, 
$3,646;  in  1910,  $10,445;  in  1911,  $23,94©;  in  1912,  $72,034;  in 
1913,  $76,966;  in  1914,  $83,773;  in  1915,  $137,129;  in  1916,  $176,- 
164;  and  in  the  first  nine  months  of  191 7,  $200,329. 
The  total  American  imports  from  all  countries  of  essential  oils 
of  the  classes  shipped  from  Malaga  are  shown  in  the  table  which 
follows,  the  figures  representing  the  American  imports  for  consump- 
tion of  the  oils  named  during  the  fiscal  years  ending  June  30,  191 5, 
and  1916: 
Year  endea  June  3o 
Oils. 
1915.  1916. 
Fennel   
  $        441     $  789 
Juniper   
  7,637  1,988 
 •  117,039  271,815 
  I5,IH  24,291 
  44,636  30,504 
  88,498  85,913 
  $273,362  $415,300 
By  comparing  the  above  with  the  declared  exports  of  essential 
oils  from  Malaga,  the  great  importance  of  the  local  supply  of  these 
oils  will  be  noted.  It  is  said  that  the  large  quantity  of  rosemary  oil 
imported  into  the  United  States  is  for  the  denaturing  of  olive  oils 
at  the  customhouse,  to  make  them  unfit  for  any  but  industrial  pur- 
poses, in  which  case  they  are  admitted  duty  free.  Large  quantities 
of  thyme  are  now  used  in  America  for  the  extraction  of  the  phenol 
