AmAprn?  w¥m' }  Current  Literature.  303 
junctival  sac.  This  can  be  done  by  simply  pulling  down  the  lower 
lid  and  telling  the  patient  to  look  up,  thus  exposing  the  whole  con- 
junctival surface.  Then  take  the  upper  lid.  Here  it  is  necessary 
to  evert  the  lid  in  order  to  expose  the  whole  conjunctival  surface. 
The  ease  with  which  this  can  be  done  depends  upon  the  experience 
and  consequent  dexterity  of  the  surgeon.  To  do  this  easily,  have 
the  patient  look  down,  grasp  the  lashes  of  the  upper  lid,  place  an 
applicator  at  the  base  of  the  tarsal  cartilage  and  evert  lid,  thus  ex- 
posing the  entire  fornix. 
The  cornea  is  then  carefully  searched  with  the  naked  eye ;  with 
a  glass  aided  by  a  condensed  light.  If  there  be  difficulty  in  the 
examination  this  will  be  remedied  by  instilling  two  drops  of  a  4 
per  cent,  solution  of  cocaine.  Pigment  spots  in  the  iris  and  pigment 
stains  on  the  cornea  may  cause  some  doubt.  If  a  foreign  body  be- 
.  comes  embedded  on  the  cornea  it  always  leaves  a  pigment  stain,  or 
so-called  rust  spot.  This  rust  spot  disappears  in  forty-eight  hours 
after  removal  of  the  foreign  body.  A  cotton-wound  applicator 
usually  removes  foreign  bodies  lying  loose  in  the  conjunctival  sac. 
Thereafter  20  drops  of  a  2  per  cent,  solution  of  argyrol  are  instilled 
and  the  patient  discharged. 
Embedded  foreign  bodies,  whether  they  are  situated  on  the 
cornea  or  sclera,  always  necessitate  the  use  of  an  anesthetic,  4  per 
cent,  of  cocaine  being  the  best.  A  corneal  spud  then  enables  the 
operator  to  remove  the  body.  If  the  latter  be  large  and  deeply  em- 
bedded it  is  best  to  use  a  GraefTe  cataract  knife.  Thereafter  hot 
compresses  are  used  at  home,  the  patient  being  given  two  drops  of  a 
1  per  cent,  atropine  to  put  the  eye  at  rest.  The  number  of  acci- 
dents have  been  reduced  to  a  minimum  by  the  use  of  goggles,  which 
should  always  be  worn  in  work  involving  chopping  or  grinding  or 
chipping,  and  where  sparks  or  dust  result  from  the  operation. 
(From  the  Therapeutic  Gazette.) 
Chaparro  in  Dysentery. — A  decoction  of  Chaparro  amargosa 
(Castela  Nicholsoni)  was  recommended  some  years  ago  for  amoebic 
dysentery  (see  Prescriber,  1914,  pp.  225,  284;  1916,  p.  118). 
Chaparro,  or  bitter  bush,  is  a  shrub  which  grows  in  Texas  and 
Mexico.  The  entire  plant  is  used,  6  to  8  ounces  of  the  decoction 
being  given  by  the  mouth  half  an  hour  before  each  meal.  Rectal 
enemata  of  from  500  to  2,000  Cc.  are  also  given  twice  daily,  these 
being  retained  as  long  as  possible.    A  fluid  extract  is  prepared,  the 
