Am"]Jayr'i9?8ina*  )  Pharmaceutical  Corps  in  U.  S.  Army.  327 
and  analysts  of  the  Army,  examining  all  water  supplies  daily,  and 
all  foods,  and  testing  much  of  the  industrial  materials  supplied, 
making  the  clinical  and  bacteriological  examinations  for  the  medical 
men  and  studying  gas  warfare  and  providing  the  scientific  means  for 
combating  these  ingenious  barbarities  of  the  enemy.  In  addition  the 
Pharmaceutical  Corps  procures  or  manufactures  all  of  the  medical 
and  surgical  supplies  and  manufactures  directly  much  of  these 
materials. 
In  Spain,  as  early  as  181 3,  the  Military  Pharmacy  Corps  was 
formed.  Despite  the  several  changes  and  reorganizations  of  the 
Sanitary  Corps  that  have  taken  place  in  that  country  since  that  date, 
the  organization  has  been  continued  and  its  work  made  more  com- 
prehensive and  beneficial.  Its  personnel  comprises  inspectors,  sub- 
inspectors,  pharmacist-majors,  pharmacists  of  the  first  class  and 
pharmacists  of  the  second  class  and  with  commissioned  rank  from 
colonel  to  lieutenant. 
In  Japan  "  the  Army  has  a  Sanitary  Supply  Department  and  trie 
Director  of  this  Department  is  equal  in  rank  to  a  colonel,  and 
wherever  there  is  a  barrack,  it  has  a  field  hospital  which  has  a 
Department  of  Pharmacy,  and  the  director  of  this  pharmacy  is 
equal  in  rank  to  a  lieutenant-colonel.  The  rank  of  the  pharmacists 
in  this  army  is  from  sub-lieutenant  to  a  colonel."  On  a  peace 
footing  the  Japanese  Army  Pharmaceutical  corps  numbered  no 
commissioned  officers  divided  as  follows :  1  colonel,  3  lieutenant- 
colonels,  7  majors,  30  captains  and  70  lieutenants.  The  salaries  are 
stated  to  be  from  500  yen  for  second  lieutenant  to  3,000  yen  for 
the  colonel. 
In  the  United  States  we  have  at  present  no  pharmaceutical  corps 
whatever.  We  have  no  governmental  manufacture  of  medical  sup- 
plies for  the  army  under  the  supervision  of  trained  pharmacists. 
During  the  Civil  War  at  a  government  laboratory  established  in 
Philadelphia,  under  the  supervision  of  the  late  Prof.  John  M. 
Maisch,  many  of  the  medicines  needed  for  the  Union  troops  were 
manufactured  with  a  saving  of  many  thousands  of  dollars.  We 
have  no  specially  trained  pharmacists  to  attend  in  any  organized  or 
authoritative  manner  to  the  compounding  and  dispensing.  We  have 
absolutely  nothing  that  bears  any  semblance  to  a  modern  army 
pharmaceutical  corps.  Can  the  United  States  continue  to  ignore 
the  value  of  the  important  services  of  the  pharmaceutical  corps  in 
foreign  armies  and  the  potent  lessons  of  efficient  organization  ? 
