AmsJptur'i9ih8rm" )         "  Chlor amine"  Antiseptics.  631 
known  as  "chlorinated  eucalyptol  1.2."  This  was  prepared  by  pass- 
ing dry  chlorine  into  eucalyptol  until  the  specific  gravity  became  1.2 
and  the  viscosity  greatly  increased. 
It  was  the  usual  custom  to  prepare  10  per  cent,  solutions  of  di- 
chloramine  T  in  the  prepared  eucalyptol  and  diluting  only  when 
required  and  if  kept  absolutely  dry  and  in  amber  colored  bottles, 
protected  from  the  light,  they  remained  undecomposed  for  a  month 
or  even  longer,  under  favorable  conditions. 
If,  however,  this  solution  was  placed  in  a  damp  bottle  or  exposed, 
even  for  a  short  time,  to  the  light,  rapid  decomposition  resulted,  a 
precipitate  of  para-toluene-sulphonamide  formed,  free  chlorine  was 
liberated,  and  the  solution  became  intensely  irritating. 
Even  under  the  most  favorable  conditions  of  freedom  from 
moisture  and  light,  the  dilution  quickly  decomposed  so  that  the  sur- 
geon was  advised  to  never  use  the  dilute  solution  after  twenty-four 
hours  and  to  then  carefully  wash  out  all  traces  of  the  old  solution 
from  atomizer  and  graduates  with  the  use  of  chloroform  or  carbon 
tetrachloride. 
These  earlier  solvents  having  proven  so  difficult  to  handle  and 
their  solutions  so  unstable,  Dr.  Dakin  again  endeavored  to  correct 
the  defects  through  many  experiments  and  has  now  proposed  a 
much  more  satisfactory  solvent  and  one,  fortunately,  which  is  less 
costly.  This  substance ,  is  known  under  the  title  Chlor oco sane,  a 
title  which  is  not  trade-marked  and  is  being  used  by  all  manufac- 
turers. 
This  substance  is  prepared  by  passing  chlorine  into  melted 
paraffin,  carefully  maintaining  the  temperature  between  1250  and 
1400  C.j  until  the  product  has  increased  from  45  to  55  per  cent,  in 
weight,  when  it  is  shaken  with  sodium  carbonate,  to  neutralize  the 
hydrochloric  acid  which  has  developed,  and  is  afterwards  filtered. 
The  name  of  this  product  is  derived  from  the  fact  that  paraffin 
belongs  to  the  open-chain  series  of  hydrocarbons,  this  member  of 
the  series  showing  twenty  or  more  carbon  radicals  and  that  in  this 
compound,  a  portion  of  the  hydrogen  is  replaced  by  chlorine.  The 
analyzed  name  therefore  shows  the  "  ane,"  the  ending  adopted  for 
hydrocarbons  of  the  open-chain  series,  the  "  cos  "  meaning  twenty, 
and  the  "  chlor "  indicating  the  chlorination. 
In  this  solvent  the  dichloramine  T  is  quite  stable,  if  kept  dry  and 
unexposed  to  light  and  out  of  contact  with  metals.  In  preparing  the 
solution,  which  is  usually  used  in  5  per  cent,  strength  for  wounds 
