778 
D  iph  th  e via  A  n  titoxm . 
Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
Nov.,  1918. 
The  diphtheria  antitoxin  globulins  have  a  higher  value  for  cys- 
tine nitrogen  than  have  globulins  described  by  Hartley.  The  histi- 
dine  nitrogen  is  lower  and  the  amino  nitrogen  is  slightly  higher.110 
According  to  Seng,  the  "  soluble  globulins "  of  antitoxic  serum 
show  an  increase  in  N  and  C  with  a  diminution  in  H  and  possess  a 
higher  rotation  of  the  plane  of  polarization.  However  globulins  of 
normal  and  of  immune  serum  have  the  same  freezing  point.111 
Hiss  and  Atkinson112  found  that  the  average  precipitate  with 
MgS04  from  the  sera  of  immunized  horses  was  more  abundant  than 
the  average  precipitate  from  the  sera  of  non-immunized  horses. 
This  precipitate  would  contain  both  the  normal  globulins  of  the 
serum,  which  have  no  antitoxic  action,  and  the  globulins,  which  have 
antitoxic  value.  The  increase  in  globulin  precipitate  is  not  necessarily 
proportinate  to  the  increase  in  antitoxic  value.  Seng  found  an  in- 
crease of  the  so-called  "  soluble  globulins  "  at  the  expense  of  the  in- 
soluble ones.  According  to  Joachim,113  the  total  protein  content  of 
the  serum  of  non-immune  animals  is  only  slightly  less  than  in  the 
immune  and  the  globulins  increase  at  the  expense  of  the  albumins. 
These  results  of  Joachim  were  corroborated  to  some  extent  by  Lang- 
stein  and  Mayer  (1904)  who  found  that  in  rabbits  immunized 
against  typhoid,  pneumococcus,  streptococcus,  etc.,  the  serum  globu- 
lin rose  while  the  albumin  diminished.  Joachim  believed  the  in- 
crease was  mainly  in  the  inactive  euglobulin  fraction.  Others,  as 
But j agin,114  also  Szontagh  and  Wellmann115  claim  that  the  proteins 
increase  during  immunization,  although  the  latter  workers  suggested 
it  might  be  due  to  disturbed  nutrition.  In  one  horse  used  by  Leding- 
ham  the  globulin  content  of  the  serum  showed  only  a  slight  change, 
although  the  albumin  increased,  but  in  this  case  the  serum  failed  to 
yield  a  high  grade  antitoxin.116  In  a  second  horse  there  was  a 
marked  increase  in  globulin  content  and  reduction  in  albumin  along 
110Banzhaf,  E.  J.,  Suguira,  K.,  and  Falk,  K.  G.,  "Collected  Studies," 
Bureau  of  Laboratories,  New  York,  Vol.  8,  1914-15,  p.  213. 
111  "Data  on  Chemistry  of  Globulins."  See  Hartley,  D.,  Biochem.  Journ., 
Vol.  8,  p.  541,  1914.  See  also  Rakuzin,  M.  A.,  "Optical  Activity  of  Albu- 
mins," /.  Rqiss.  Phys.  Chcm.  Soc,  Vol.  8,  p.  1251,  1916. 
112  Hiss,  J.  H.,  and  Atkinson,  J.  P.,  Journ.  Exper.  Med.,  Vol.  5,  1900-01, 
P-  47- 
113  Joachim,  J.,  Arch.  f.  gesam.  Physiol.,  Vol.  93,  1903,  p.  593. 
114  Butjagin,  P.  W.,  Hyg.  Rund.,  Vol.  12,  p.  1208,  1902. 
115  v.  Szontagh,  F.,  and  Wellmann,  O.,  Deutsch.  med.  Woch.,  1898,  p.  109. 
116  Ledingham,  J.  C.  G.,  Journ.  Hyg.,  Vol.  7,  p.  65,  1907. 
