78o 
Diphtheria  Antitoxin. 
Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
Nov.,  1918. 
one  or  other  globulin  is  claimed  by  Pribram  to  be  not  always  con- 
stant, but  to  vary  according  to  the  preservation  of  the  serum,  etc. 
Gibson  and  Collins  have  demonstrated  the  untrustworthiness  of  any 
such  differentiation  of  the  antibodies  as  those  contained  in  the  eu- 
globulin  and  those  of  the  pseudoglobulin."121 
In  Hurwitz  and  Meyer's  experiments  on  immunization,  it  was 
found  that  in  rabbits  the  globulins  of  the  serum  only  increased  when 
the  animals  reacted  severely,  but  if  the  immunization  was  carried 
out  carefully  and  with  a  well-controlled  dosage  it  is  not  usually  ac- 
companied by  an  increase  in  the  serum  globulins,  although  the  im- 
mune bodies  may  attain  a  high  concentration.  The  rise  in  globulins 
occurs  long  before  the  animal  develops  immune  bodies  in  any  ap- 
preciable concentration.122  However,  it  may  be  remembered  that 
an  increase  in  pseudo-globulins  with  which  the  antitoxin  is  said  to 
be  associated  might  theoretically  occur  without  an  increase  in  total 
globulins.123 
Banzhaf  believes  that  when  the  pseudoglobulins  are  separated  by 
fractional  precipitation  with  (NH4)2S04,  the  higher  fraction  con- 
tains more  of  the  antitoxin  per  gram  protein.  Acetic  acid  in  small 
amounts  precipitates  the  pseudoglobulins  in  saturated  sodium 
chloride  solution.124 
According  to  Banzhaf  the  serum  of  horses  immunized  to  diph- 
theria contains  12  per  cent,  albumin ;  pseudoglobulin  78  per  cent, 
and  euglobulin  10  per  cent.,  while  in  normal  non-immunized  serum, 
albumin  is  present  in  40  per  cent.,  pseudoglobulin  in  42  per  cent,  and 
euglobulin  in  18  per  cent. 
Moll  found  that  serum  heated  to  560  for  one  half  hour  showed 
a  globulin  increase125  without  an  increase  in  alkali  albuminate. 
Heating  rabbit  serum  to  580  C.  for  one  hour,  in  some  cases  the 
euglobulins  increased  in  amount ;  in  other  cases  the  pseudoglobulins 
increased.  In  Banzhaf's  experiments,  on  heating  horse  serum  12  to 
15  hours  at  570  C.  the  albumin  content  fell  from  12  per  cent,  down 
121  Gibson,  R.  B.,  and  Collins,  K.  R.,  Journ.  Biol.  Chem.,  Vol.  3,  p.  238. 
122  Meyer,  K.  F.,  Hurwitz,  S.  H.,  and  Taussig,  L.,  Journ.  Inf.  Dis.,  1918, 
Vol.  22,  p.  1 ;  Hurwitz,  S.  H.,  and  Meyer,  K.  F.,  Journ.  Exp.  Med.,  1916,  p. 
515.    See  also  Belfanti  and  Carbone. 
123  See  also  Schmidt,  E.  S.,  and  Schmidt,  C.  L.  A.,  Journ.  Immun.,  2, 
1916-17. 
124  Gibson,  R.  B.,  Journ.  Biol.  Chem.,  Vol.  1,  p.  169,  1905-06. 
125  Moll,  I.,  Beitr.  z.  Physiol,  u.  Path.  Chem.,  Vol.  4,  p.  563,  1904;  Zeits. 
f.  exper.  Path.,  Vol.  3,  p.  325,  1906. 
