Am*NovUri^i8arm*  J      Industrial  Organic  Chemistry.  803 
variety  of  which  is  made  from  a  nitrated  cotton  or  pyroxylin.  Be- 
sides this  variety  we  have  the  viscose  variety,  the  cellulose  acetate, 
and  the  cuprammonium  artificial  silk.  The  development  of  these 
products  has  been  very  great  in  this  country  in  recent  years,  both 
for  films  and  for  artificial  silk  as  a  fiber  increasingly  used  in  the 
textile  trade. 
Industrial  alcohol  production  has  developed  greatly  in  the  past 
fewT  years  and  numerous  new  plants  have  been  established  for  its 
production  from  a  variety  of  sources.  Much  attention  has  been 
given  to  a  revival  of  the  Classen  process  for  hydrolizing  the  cellu- 
lose of  sawdust  and  fermenting  the  sugar  produced  therefrom.  I 
have  no  reliable  information,  however,  as  to  whether  the  difficulties 
which  developed  when  it  was  first  tried  in  this  country  some  years 
age  have  been  sufficiently  overcome  to  make  it  a  dependable  manu- 
facturing process,  although  it  has  attracted  much  newspaper  atten- 
tion. More  reliable  are  the  processes  based  upon  the  use  of  low 
grade  molasses  and  cereals  of  various  kinds  and  a  large  production, 
at  present  taken  over  by  the  munition  manufacturers,  has  been  the 
result. 
In  addition  to  this  direct  war  use,  much  alcohol  is  made  for 
denaturing  and  use  in  the  manufacture  of  pharmaceutical  products. 
Some  27  denaturing  formulas  have  been  allowed  by  the  U.  S.  Inter- 
nal Revenue  office  and  these  adapt  it  for  use  in  a  wide  variety  of 
cases  where  tax-paid  pure  alcohol  is  inadmissable  on  account  of  its 
cost.  This  form  of  utilization  is  not  of  temporary  character,  as  is 
the  use  in  munitions  manufacture,  but  is  destined  to  grow  and  re- 
quire an  increasing  amount  of  alcohol  properly  denatured. 
We  come  now  to  the  industry  which  may  be  said  to  be  the  touch- 
stone of  our  ability  to  achieve  results  under  difficult  conditions, 
when  confronted  with  an  imperative  necessity,  viz.,  the  building  up 
on  American  soil  from  American  raw  materials  with  American  capi- 
tal and  American  chemical  effort  an  independent  dyestuff  industry. 
In  speaking  of  the  conditions  in  the  United  States  in  1914,  I  said 
that  we  had  a  small  dyestuff  industry,  working  under  trade  diffi- 
culties, for  the  most  part  with  imported  intermediates.  There  were, 
to  be  exact,  five  manufacturers,  large  and  small,  of  dyestuffs  in 
1914.  The  tariff  census  of  coal-tar  products,  as  reported  for  1917, 
shows  that  there  were  at  that  time  in  the  United  States  81  estab- 
lishments engaged  in  the  manufacture  of  coal  tar  dyes  and  117 
firms  manufacturing  intermediates.    While  these  figures  are  strik- 
