Am.  Jour.  Pharm. 
Nov.,  1918. 
Preparation  of  Piperazine. 
809 
firmly  and  when  its  removal  is  desired,  a  little  warm  water  will 
release  it  without  pain. 
The  insertion  of  the  adhesive  in  a  collapsible  tube  would  seem 
to  be  the  most  practicable  method  for  its  use  by  a  physician  in  office 
practice,  but  the  adhesive  can  be  made  up  in  quantity  in  a  hospital, 
or  dispensary,  and  a  special  syringe-like  applicator,  with  a  screw- 
plunger  and  sharp  nozzle  point,  be  used  by  the  surgeon,  in  its  applica- 
tion. In  either  of  these  devices,  should  the  adhesive  harden  or  dry 
at  the  outlet,  a  few  moments  of  immersion  in  warm  water  will 
open  it. 
Pharmaceutical  Laboratory, 
Philadelphia  College  of  Pharmacy. 
THE  PREPARATION  OF  PIPERAZINE.1 
By  David  S.  Pratt  and  Charles  O.  Young. 
Piperazine,  or  diethylenediamine, 
.CH2.CH2. 
HN<  >NH 
XCH2.CH/ 
has  been  used  extensively  in  cases  of  gout  and  arthritis  with  such 
success  that  its  absence  from  the  market  justified  a  rather  extended 
search  for  methods  which  might  be  employed  in  preparing  it.2  Sev- 
eral important  modifications  of  procedure,  as  disclosed  in  the  patent 
literature,  have  been  found  which  it  is  believed  will  materially  aid 
anyone  attempting  to  prepare  piperazine  commercially. 
The  ease  with  which  ethylene  bromide  condenses  with  aniline  to 
form  dyphenyl  piperazine  appears  to  offer  the  best  starting  point  in 
the  preparation.  This  reaction  can  be  carried  out  under  proper  con- 
ditions to  give  practically  a  theoretical  yield  suitable  without  further 
purification  for  the  purpose.  Unfortunately,  it  does  not  seem  pos- 
sible to  replace  the  two  phenyl  radicals  with  hydrogen  to  give  pipera- 
zine directly. 
1  Contribution  from  the  Mellon  Institute  of  Industrial  Research,  Univer- 
sity of  Pittsburgh.  Reprinted  from  the  Journal  of  the  American  Chemical 
Society. 
2  The  value  of  piperazine  in  certain  types  of  nephritis  has  been  studied 
extensively  by  Dr.  E.  E.  Mayer,  who  will  report  his  results  in  the  near 
future. 
